Keterkaitan Tingkat Transit Oriented Development (TOD) terhadap Emisi Karbon Perjalanan First and Last Mile di Jakarta Selatan

Lesdiputra, Zaidaan Thoriq (2026) Keterkaitan Tingkat Transit Oriented Development (TOD) terhadap Emisi Karbon Perjalanan First and Last Mile di Jakarta Selatan. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Sektor transportasi darat merupakan kontributor emisi karbon terbesar di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Selatan, sementara penerapan lima kawasan Transit Oriented Development (TOD) di wilayah tersebut belum diikuti kajian mendalam mengenai keterkaitannya dengan emisi karbon perjalanan First and Last Mile. Penelitian ini menilai peringkat TOD, mengidentifikasi pola pemilihan moda perjalanan First and Last Mile, menghitung emisi karbon yang dihasilkan, serta menguji keterkaitan antara peringkat TOD dan besaran emisi karbon per kapita pada lima kawasan: Istora dan Senayan, Sisingamangaraja, Blok M, Fatmawati, dan Lebak Bulus. Peringkat TOD dihitung menggunakan Entropy Weight Method (EWM) dan Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) berdasarkan karakteristik 5D. Pola pemilihan moda dianalisis melalui Latent Class Analysis (LCA), sedangkan emisi karbon dihitung berdasarkan faktor emisi IPCC 2006/2019 untuk tiap moda transportasi. Keterkaitan antara peringkat TOD terhadap emisi karbon diuji dengan Uji Jonckheere-Terpstra dan Uji Kruskal-Wallis H sebagai metode pendukung. Hasil penelitian menempatkan Kawasan Sisingamangaraja pada peringkat TOD tertinggi dan Kawasan Fatmawati pada peringkat terendah, dengan variabel Design sebagai pembeda utama antar kawasan. LCA mengidentifikasi dua kelompok pemilihan moda, yaitu Kelompok Moda Rendah Emisi dan Kelompok Moda Tidak Rendah Emisi. Kawasan TOD Blok M menjadi satu-satunya kawasan dengan dominasi Kelompok Moda Rendah Emisi (76,7%). Emisi karbon per kapita tertinggi tercatat di Kawasan Lebak Bulus (19,5 gCO₂/perjalanan) dan terendah di Kawasan Blok M (6,78 gCO₂/perjalanan). Uji Jonckheere-Terpstra menunjukkan tidak terdapat tren monotonik signifikan antara peringkat TOD dan emisi karbon per kapita (Z = 0,752; p = 0,452), sementara Uji Kruskal-Wallis H mengonfirmasi perbedaan emisi karbon antar kawasan yang signifikan (Chi-Square = 57,090; p = 0,001) namun tidak mengikuti urutan peringkat TOD. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa peringkat TOD agregat bukan prediktor tunggal emisi karbon perjalanan First and Last Mile; kualitas infrastruktur non-motorized dan karakteristik sosioekonomi pengguna lebih menentukan pola emisi. Kebijakan penurunan emisi karbon pada kawasan TOD Jakarta Selatan perlu dirancang spesifik per kawasan, bukan disamaratakan berdasarkan skor TOD agregat. ======================================================================================================================================
Road transport is the largest contributor to carbon emissions in South Jakarta Administrative City, yet the implementation of five Transit Oriented Development (TOD) areas in the city has not been matched by an in-depth assessment of their relationship to First and Last Mile trip carbon emissions. This study ranks TOD levels, identifies First and Last Mile mode choice patterns, calculates the resulting carbon emissions, and examines the relationship between TOD rank and per-capita carbon emissions across five areas: Istora and Senayan, Sisingamangaraja, Blok M, Fatmawati, and Lebak Bulus. TOD ranking is calculated using the Entropy Weight Method (EWM) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) based on the 5D principles. Mode choice patterns are analyzed through Latent Class Analysis (LCA), while carbon emissions are calculated using the IPCC 2006/2019 emission factors for each transport mode. The relationship between TOD rank and carbon emissions is tested using the Jonckheere-Terpstra test and the Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results place Sisingamangaraja as the highest-ranked TOD area and Fatmawati as the lowest, with the Design variable as the main differentiator between areas. LCA identifies two mode choice groups, a Low-Emission Group and a Non-Low-Emission Group. Blok M is the only area dominated by the Low-Emission Group (76.7%). The highest per-capita carbon emission is recorded in Lebak Bulus (19.5 gCO₂/trip) and the lowest in Blok M (6.78 gCO₂/trip). The Jonckheere-Terpstra test shows no significant monotonic trend between TOD rank and per-capita carbon emissions (Z = 0.752; p = 0.452), while the Kruskal-Wallis H test confirms a significant difference in carbon emissions between areas (Chi-Square = 57.090; p = 0.001) that does not follow the TOD ranking order. These findings confirm that the aggregate TOD rank is not a sole predictor of First and Last Mile trip carbon emissions; non-motorized infrastructure quality and users' socioeconomic characteristics determine emission patterns more strongly. Carbon emission reduction policies for TOD areas in South Jakarta need to be designed specifically for each area, rather than applied uniformly based on aggregate TOD scores

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Transit Oriented Development, Perjalanan First and Last Mile, Emisi Karbon, Pemilihan Moda Transportasi, Prinsip 5D, Transit-Oriented Development, First- and Last-Mile Trips, Carbon Emissions, Transportation Mode Choice, 5D Principles
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications > HE336.C5 Choice of transportation
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Regional & Urban Planning > 35201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Zaidaan Thoriq Lesdiputra
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2026 04:19
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2026 04:20
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141143

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