Analisis Kualitas Perairan Menggunakan FoRAM Index Berbasis Bioindikator Foraminifera Bentik Untuk Mendukung Konservasi Terumbu Karang di Pagerungan Besar

Wiraputra, Sultan Kautsar (2026) Analisis Kualitas Perairan Menggunakan FoRAM Index Berbasis Bioindikator Foraminifera Bentik Untuk Mendukung Konservasi Terumbu Karang di Pagerungan Besar. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Ekosistem terumbu karang di Pulau Pagerungan Besar, Kabupaten Sumenep, menghadapi tekanan antropogenik seperti aktivitas industri migas dan pemanfaatan sumber daya laut yang intensif, sehingga diperlukan pemantauan kualitas perairan secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui komposisi kelompok fungsional foraminifera bentik (symbiont-bearing, opportunistic, dan heterotrophic) serta kondisi kualitas perairan berdasarkan FoRAM Index (FI) di kawasan tersebut. Pengambilan sampel sedimen dan air dilakukan pada 10 stasiun menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan corer berdiameter 10 cm serta menggunakan Horizontal Van Dorn Water Sampler, dilanjutkan identifikasi foraminifera berdasarkan karakter morfologi cangkang menggunakan mikroskop stereo. Parameter fisika-kimia perairan yang diukur meliputi suhu, salinitas, pH, oksigen terlarut, TSS, nitrat, dan fosfat, yang dianalisis untuk memvalidasi hasil FoRAM Index. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komposisi foraminifera bentik didominasi kelompok symbiont-bearing dengan persentase 87,23–97,78%, terutama genus Amphistegina, Sorites, dan Calcarina, sedangkan kelompok heterotrophic dan opportunistic ditemukan dalam proporsi sangat rendah dengan genus dominan Spiroloculina dan Elphidium. Nilai FoRAM Index pada seluruh stasiun berkisar antara 8,883–9,800 (FI > 4), yang mengindikasikan perairan Pulau Pagerungan Besar berada dalam kondisi baik dan mendukung pertumbuhan terumbu karang. Kondisi ini didukung parameter fisika-kimia yang sesuai baku mutu, yaitu suhu 29,5–29,7°C, salinitas 31 ppt, pH 8,1–8,2, DO 5,9–7,5 mg/L, TSS 7,4–8 mg/L, nitrat <0,005 mg/L, dan fosfat <0,012 mg/L berdasarkan PP No. 22 Tahun 2021. Dengan demikian, FoRAM Index dapat digunakan sebagai indikator biologis yang efektif untuk mendukung konservasi dan pengelolaan ekosistem terumbu karang di Pulau Pagerungan Besar.
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The coral reef ecosystem of Pagerungan Besar Island, Sumenep Regency, faces anthropogenic pressures such as oil and gas industry activities and intensive marine resource use, requiring continuous water quality monitoring. This study aimed to determine the composition of benthic foraminiferal functional groups (symbiont-bearing, opportunistic, and heterotrophic) and the water quality condition based on the FoRAM Index (FI). Sediment and water sampling were conducted at 10 stations using purposive sampling with a 10 cm diameter corer and Horizontal Van Dorn Water Sampler, followed by foraminiferal identification based on test morphology using a stereo microscope. Physical-chemical parameters measured included temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, TSS, nitrate, and phosphate, analyzed to validate the FoRAM Index results. The results showed that benthic foraminiferal composition was dominated by the symbiont-bearing group, with percentages of 87.23–97.78%, mainly the genera Amphistegina, Sorites, and Calcarina, while the heterotrophic and opportunistic groups occurred in very low proportions, dominated by Spiroloculina and Elphidium. FoRAM Index values at all stations ranged from 8.883–9.800 (FI > 4), indicating that the waters of Pagerungan Besar Island are in good condition and support coral reef growth. This finding is supported by physical-chemical parameters complying with the water quality standard: temperature 29.5–29.7°C, salinity 31 ppt, pH 8.1–8.2, DO 5.9–7.5 mg/L, TSS 7.4–8 mg/L, nitrate below 0.005 mg/L, and phosphate below 0.012 mg/L, based on Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021. Thus, the FoRAM Index can be used as an effective biological indicator to support the conservation and management of the coral reef ecosystem in Pagerungan Besar Island.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	FoRAM Index, Foraminifera bentik, Kualitas perairan, Terumbu karang, Pagerungan Besar. ======================================================================================================================== Benthic foraminifera, Coral reef, FoRAM Index, Pagerungan Besar, Water quality.
Subjects:	Q Science > QH Biology Q Science > QH Biology > QH541 Ecology Q Science > QH Biology > QH75 Nature conservation. Landscape protection. Biodiversity conservation. Endangered species and ecosystems (General). Habitat conservation. Ecosystem management. Conservation biology Q Science > QL Zoology > QL406.5 Shells
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Biology > 46201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Sultan Kautsar Wiraputra
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2026 06:59
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2026 06:59
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141156

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