Perancangan Heat Recovery Steam generator dan Steam Turbine melalui Optimisasi Exergoeconomic dan Exergoenviromental pada Pembangkit Listrik

Nasiruddin, Fikri Ammar Rizky (2026) Perancangan Heat Recovery Steam generator dan Steam Turbine melalui Optimisasi Exergoeconomic dan Exergoenviromental pada Pembangkit Listrik. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Ganoderma boninense merupakan patogen penyebab penyakit busuk pangkal batang (BPB) pada kelapa sawit yang mengakibatkan kerusakan jaringan tanaman dan penurunan
Pembangkit listrik combined cycle berbahan bakar gas alam menghadapi tuntutan ganda untuk menghasilkan daya listrik yang lebih efisien sekaligus menekan biaya produksi dan emisi karbon, sehingga perancangan Heat Recovery Steam Generator dan Steam Turbine yang optimal menjadi krusial untuk memaksimalkan pemanfaatan panas gas buang turbin gas yang selama ini terbuang ke atmosfer. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui pemodelan dan simulasi siklus gas turbin menggunakan perangkat lunak Aspen Hysys yang divalidasi terhadap data operasi aktual Sabiya Power Plant dengan galat rata-rata 1,583 %. Perancangan dilanjutkan pada tiga konfigurasi HRSG-Steam Turbine satu, dua, dan tiga tingkat tekanan menggunakan metode pinch point dan perhitungan efektivitas Heat Exchanger berbasis Number of Transfer Unit. Performansi setiap konfigurasi dievaluasi melalui analisis energi, eksergi, eksergoekonomi, dan eksergoenvironmental berbasis metode Specific Exergy Costing, kemudian dioptimisasi menggunakan GRG Nonlinear Solver dengan empat fungsi objektif yaitu memaksimalkan daya bersih, memaksimalkan efisiensi, meminimalkan emisi spesifik, dan meminimalkan laju biaya total, sebelum ditentukan solusi kompromi terbaik melalui pendekatan Pareto frontier berbasis jarak Euclidean terhadap titik ideal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan HRSG dan Steam Turbine meningkatkan daya bersih pembangkit dari 233,193 MW pada siklus gas sederhana menjadi 283,713 MW, 289,069 MW, dan 300,995 MW pada konfigurasi satu, dua, dan tiga tingkat tekanan, dengan efisiensi termal meningkat dari 37,21 % menjadi 45,21 %, 46,22 %, dan 47,96 %, sehingga konfigurasi tiga tingkat tekanan terbukti paling unggul dalam memanfaatkan panas gas buang sekaligus menekan emisi spesifik dan biaya energi. Hasil optimisasi GRG Nonlinear menunjukkan bahwa daya bersih maksimum meningkat konsisten seiring penambahan tingkat tekanan menjadi 624.261,72 kW, 635.084,85 kW, dan 650.569,34 kW, sedangkan emisi spesifik dan biaya total minimum justru tidak selalu menurun monoton, terutama pada konfigurasi dua tingkat tekanan yang mencatat emisi 0,0087 kgCO/kWh dan Ctotal 11.082,87 $/h yang lebih tinggi dibanding satu dan tiga tingkat tekanan, mengindikasikan adanya optimum lokal akibat kompleksitas ruang variabel keputusan yang meningkat seiring bertambahnya tingkat tekanan HRSG. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa peningkatan kompleksitas konfigurasi HRSG multi-Pressure tidak selalu berbanding lurus dengan perbaikan seluruh indikator performansi, sehingga metode optimisasi yang lebih robust seperti algoritma evolusioner disarankan untuk penelitian lanjutan.
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Natural gas-fired combined cycle power plants face the dual challenge of generating electricity more efficiently while simultaneously reducing production costs and carbon emissions, making the optimal design of a Heat Recovery Steam Generator and Steam Turbine essential to maximize the utilization of gas turbine exhaust heat that would otherwise be wasted to the atmosphere. This research was conducted by modeling and simulating the gas turbine cycle using Aspen Hysys software, validated against actual operating data from the Sabiya Power Plant with an average error of 1.583 percent. The design was then extended to three HRSG-Steam Turbine configurations with one, two, and three Pressure levels using the pinch point method and Heat Exchanger effectiveness calculations based on the Number of Transfer Unit approach. The performance of each configuration was evaluated through energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental analyses based on the Specific Exergy Costing method, then optimized using a GRG Nonlinear Solver with four objective functions, namely maximizing net power, maximizing efficiency, minimizing specific emissions, and minimizing total cost rate, before the best compromise solution was determined through a Pareto frontier approach based on Euclidean distance to the ideal point. The results show that the addition of the HRSG and Steam Turbine increased the plant net power output from 233.193 MW in the simple gas cycle to 283,713 MW, 289,069 MW, dan 300,995 MW for the one, two, and three Pressure-level configurations, with thermal efficiency rising from 37.21 percent to 45,21 %, 46,22 %, and 47,96 %,, indicating that the three Pressure-level configuration was the most superior in utilizing exhaust heat while lowering specific emissions and energy cost. Further optimization results using the GRG Nonlinear Solver show that the maximum net power increased consistently with the addition of Pressure levels, reaching 624,261.72 kW, 635,084.85 kW, and 650,569.34 kW, whereas the minimum specific emission and total cost rate did not always decrease monotonically, particularly for the two Pressure-level configuration, which recorded an emission of 0.0087 kgCO/kWh and a total cost rate of 11,082.87 dollars per hour higher than both the one and three Pressure-level configurations, indicating the presence of a local optimum caused by the increasing complexity of the decision variable search space as the number of HRSG Pressure levels increases. These findings confirm that increasing the complexity of multi-Pressure HRSG configurations does not always lead to a proportional improvement across all performance indicators, so that a more robust optimization method such as an evolutionary algorithm is recommended for further research.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	HRSG, Optimisasi, Steam Turbine, Energy Efficiency, dan Emisi karbon, Optimization, Carbon Emissions
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD195.S47 Sewage disposal plants--Environmental aspects T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD899.S68 Steam power plants T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ164 Power plants--Design and construction T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ263 Heat exchangers T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ265.E23 Thermodynamics. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ778 Gas turbines
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Physics Engineering > 30201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Fikri Ammar Rizky Nasiruddin
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2026 02:52
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2026 02:52
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141304

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