Potensi Bakteri Dari Batang Kelapa Sawit Yang Terinfeksi Busuk Pangkal Batang Sebagai Penghambat Pertumbuhan Ganoderma boninense

Fazila, Zelma Gita (2026) Potensi Bakteri Dari Batang Kelapa Sawit Yang Terinfeksi Busuk Pangkal Batang Sebagai Penghambat Pertumbuhan Ganoderma boninense. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Ganoderma boninense merupakan patogen penyebab penyakit busuk pangkal batang (BPB) pada kelapa sawit yang mengakibatkan kerusakan jaringan tanaman dan penurunan produktivitas. Pengendalian penyakit ini masih menjadi tantangan sehingga diperlukan alternatif pengendalian yang lebih ramah lingkungan, salah satunya melalui pemanfaatan bakteri antagonis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi bakteri dari batang kelapa sawit yang terinfeksi G. boninense, mengetahui aktivitas antagonisnya dalam bentuk isolat tunggal, konsorsium padat, dan konsorsium cair, serta mengkaji mekanisme antagonismenya melalui uji aktivitas enzimatik dan produksi siderofor. Sebanyak 30 isolat bakteri berhasil diisolasi dari batang kelapa sawit yang terinfeksi G. boninense. Berdasarkan hasil skrining antagonis secara kualitatif, dipilih 10 isolat yang berpotensi sebagai antagonis untuk selanjutnya diuji aktivitas antagonisnya terhadap G. boninense menggunakan metode dual culture pada media Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Efektivitas antagonisme ditentukan berdasarkan nilai Percentage Inhibition of Radial Growth (PIRG). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji normalitas, ANOVA dua arah atau Welch ANOVA sesuai karakteristik data, serta uji lanjut Tukey atau Games–Howell. Isolat terbaik dari setiap perlakuan kemudian diuji aktivitas ligninase, selulase, kitinase, dan produksi siderofor secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat B4 menghasilkan nilai PIRG tertinggi pada perlakuan tunggal sebesar 32,70%, sedangkan konsorsium padat terbaik diperoleh pada kombinasi B3+B4 dengan nilai PIRG sebesar 27,10%. Perlakuan konsorsium cair menghasilkan penghambatan tertinggi, yaitu kombinasi B2+B4 dengan nilai PIRG sebesar 34,27%. Analisis menggunakan data hari ke-6 menunjukkan bahwa konsorsium cair memberikan penghambatan yang secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan tunggal dan konsorsium padat (p < 0,05). Seluruh isolat menunjukkan aktivitas ligninase dan produksi siderofor, sedangkan aktivitas selulase hanya ditemukan pada isolat B1. Aktivitas kitinase terdeteksi pada isolat B1, B3, dan B20. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, konsorsium cair, khususnya kombinasi isolat B2+B4, berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agen pengendali hayati terhadap G. boninense. Kemampuan antagonis bakteri diduga didukung oleh kombinasi mekanisme biokontrol berupa degradasi lignin, hidrolisis kitin dan selulosa, serta kompetisi unsur besi melalui produksi siderofor.
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Ganoderma boninense is the causal agent of basal stem rot (BSR) disease in oil palm, resulting in tissue damage and reduced crop productivity. The management of this disease remains challenging, necessitating environmentally friendly alternative control strategies, one of which is the utilization of antagonistic bacteria. This study aimed to isolate bacteria from oil palm stems infected with G. boninense, evaluate their antagonistic activity as single isolates, solid consortium, and liquid consortium, and investigate their antagonistic mechanisms through enzymatic activity and siderophore production. A total of 30 bacterial isolates were successfully obtained from G. boninense-infected oil palm stems. Based on qualitative antagonistic screening, 10 potential antagonistic isolates were selected for further evaluation using the dual culture method on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Antagonistic effectiveness was determined by the Percentage Inhibition of Radial Growth (PIRG). The data were analyzed using normality tests, two-way ANOVA or Welch ANOVA according to data characteristics, followed by Tukey's or Games–Howell post hoc tests. The best-performing isolate from each treatment was subsequently evaluated qualitatively for ligninase, cellulase, chitinase activities, and siderophore production. The results showed that isolate B4 exhibited the highest PIRG value among the single-isolate treatments (32.70%), while the best solid consortium was the B3+B4 combination with a PIRG value of 27.10%. The liquid consortium treatment produced the highest inhibitory activity, with the B2+B4 combination achieving a PIRG value of 34.27%. Statistical analysis using day-6 data demonstrated that the liquid consortium exhibited significantly higher inhibition than the single-isolate and solid consortium treatments (p < 0.05). All tested isolates exhibited ligninase activity and siderophore production, whereas cellulase activity was detected only in isolate B1. Chitinase activity was detected in isolates B1, B3, and B20. In conclusion, the liquid consortium, particularly the B2+B4 combination, has the potential to be developed as a biological control agent against G. boninense. The antagonistic activity of the bacterial isolates is likely supported by multiple biocontrol mechanisms, including lignin degradation, chitin and cellulose hydrolysis, and iron competition through siderophore production.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Antagonistic bacteria, Ganoderma boninense, Oil palm, Bacterial consortium, Biological control. ======================================================================================================================== Bakteri antagonis, Ganoderma boninense, Kelapa Sawit, Konsorsium bakteri, Pengendali Hayati.
Subjects:	Q Science > QH Biology Q Science > QR Microbiology Q Science > QR Microbiology > QR74.8 Bacteria
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Biology > 46201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Zelma Gita Fazila
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2026 02:13
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2026 02:13
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141312

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