Khomsah, Wafiq Ainnur (2026) Perencanaan Struktur Gedung Perkuliahan 16 Lantai Di Surabaya Dengan Metode Beton Pracetak. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Gedung perkuliahan 16 lantai di Surabaya merupakan bangunan pendidikan dengan tinggi 84,5 meter yang pada perencanaan awal menggunakan metode cor di tempat. Metode tersebut memerlukan waktu pelaksanaan yang relatif lama serta pengendalian mutu yang lebih sulit. Di sisi lain, konfigurasi lantai yang tipikal menghasilkan volume elemen balok dan pelat yang besar sehingga metode beton pracetak dipilih untuk meningkatkan efisiensi konstruksi. Namun, penerapan beton pracetak memerlukan perencanaan detail sambungan dan metode pelaksanaan yang tepat agar struktur dapat berperilaku monolit. Oleh karena itu, tugas akhir ini merencanakan elemen balok dan pelat pracetak beserta detail sambungan dan metode pelaksanaannya pada gedung perkuliahan 16 lantai dengan sistem struktur ganda yang mengombinasikan Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen Khusus (SRPMK) dan dinding geser beton bertulang. Perencanaan diawali dengan pengumpulan data dan studi literatur, dilanjutkan dengan penentuan pembebanan, dimensi awal elemen, pemodelan, analisis, dan evaluasi struktur, kemudian perencanaan balok dan pelat pracetak. Selanjutnya dilakukan perencanaan sambungan balok induk dengan kolom, balok anak dengan balok induk, pelat dengan balok, dan pelat dengan pelat. Sambungan balok anak ke balok induk direncanakan sebagai sambungan jepit dengan target mampu meneruskan momen sehingga perilaku struktur mendekati sistem monolit. Tahap berikutnya adalah penyusunan metode pelaksanaan yang meliputi fabrikasi, pengangkatan, penumpukan, pengangkutan, pemasangan, dan pengecoran komposit (overtopping), kemudian diakhiri dengan penyusunan gambar kerja. Berdasarkan hasil perencanaan, balok pracetak menggunakan overtopping setebal 130 mm, sedangkan pelat pracetak menggunakan sistem half slab setebal 80 mm dengan overtopping setebal 50 mm. Sambungan antar elemen pracetak menggunakan sambungan basah (wet connection) dengan mutu beton overtopping 30 MPa dan sistem dapped-end bearing pada balok. Sambungan balok induk dengan kolom dan balok anak dengan balok induk ditopang oleh konsol pendek sehingga setelah pengecoran overtopping elemen bekerja secara komposit, sedangkan sambungan pelat dengan balok dan pelat dengan pelat disatukan melalui pengecoran overtopping hingga berperilaku monolit. Metode pelaksanaan beton pracetak meliputi fabrikasi, pengangkatan, pengangkutan, penyimpanan di stock yard, pemasangan, penyambungan, hingga pengecoran topping, sehingga proses konstruksi dapat dilaksanakan secara sistematis dan aman.
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A 16-story academic building in Surabaya, with a height of 84.5 meters, was originally designed using the cast-in-place concrete method. This method requires a relatively long construction period and presents greater challenges in quality control. On the other hand, the repetitive floor layout results in a large volume of beam and slab elements, making the precast concrete method a more efficient alternative for construction. However, the implementation of precast concrete requires careful connection design and an appropriate construction method to ensure that the structure behaves monolithically. Therefore, this final project redesigns the precast beam and slab elements, including their connection details and construction methods, for a 16-story academic building employing a dual structural system that combines a Special Moment Resisting Frame (SMRF) with reinforced concrete shear walls. The design process began with data collection and a literature review, followed by the determination of design loads, preliminary member dimensions, structural modeling, analysis, and evaluation, and subsequently the design of the precast beams and slabs. The next stage involved designing the connections between primary beams and columns, secondary beams and primary beams, slabs and beams, and slab-to-slab joints. The connection between the secondary beam and the primary beam was designed as a rigid connection capable of transferring bending moments, allowing the structural behavior to closely resemble that of a monolithic system. The subsequent stage consisted of preparing the construction method, including fabrication, lifting, stacking, transportation, erection, and composite concrete casting (overtopping), and was concluded with the preparation of detailed working drawings. Based on the design results, the precast beams utilize a 130 mm thick concrete overtopping, while the precast slabs adopt an 80 mm thick half-slab system with a 50 mm thick overtopping. Connections between precast elements are designed as wet connections using 30 MPa concrete for the overtopping and a dapped-end bearing system for the beams. The connections between primary beams and columns, as well as between secondary beams and primary beams, are supported by short corbels so that, after the overtopping concrete is cast, the elements act compositely. Meanwhile, the slab-to-beam and slab-to-slab connections are integrated through overtopping concrete, enabling the structure to behave monolithically. The precast concrete construction method includes fabrication, lifting, transportation, storage in the stockyard, erection, connection, and topping concrete casting, allowing the construction process to be carried out systematically and safely.
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