Kajian Eksperimental Pengaruh Variasi Durasi Injeksi Hidrogen Pada Intake Port Terhadap Performa Dan Emisi Mesin Dual Fuel Diesel-Hidrogen

Dilny Adnan, Fahrezy Richard (2026) Kajian Eksperimental Pengaruh Variasi Durasi Injeksi Hidrogen Pada Intake Port Terhadap Performa Dan Emisi Mesin Dual Fuel Diesel-Hidrogen. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Transisi energi dari sumber energi konvensional menuju energi yang lebih ramah lingkungan menjadi hal yang sangat penting, khususnya dalam industri maritim guna mendukung target dekarbonisasi International Maritime Organization (IMO) menuju net-zero emission pada tahun 2050. Salah satu upaya yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan adalah pemanfaatan hidrogen sebagai bahan bakar pendamping pada mesin diesel melalui sistem dual fuel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara eksperimental pengaruh variasi durasi injeksi hidrogen pada intake port terhadap performa dan emisi mesin diesel–hidrogen. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan mesin diesel satu silinder Yanmar TF 85 MH-di dengan metode port injection, di mana hidrogen diinjeksikan dengan tekanan 1,5 bar pada sudut injeksi konstan 12o bTDC dan durasi injeksi divariasikan sebesar 60o, 90o, dan 120o crank angle. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan hidrogen memberikan dampak terhadap peningkatan performa mesin. Konfigurasi paling optimal diperoleh pada durasi injeksi 120oCA dan putaran mesin 2200 RPM, yang menghasilkan peningkatan daya sebesar 3,09% dari 5,876 kW menjadi 6,058 kW serta peningkatan torsi sebesar 3,05% dari 25,484 Nm menjadi 26,284 Nm. Selain itu, pada durasi injeksi 120° CA dan putaran 1400 RPM terjadi penurunan Specific fuel consumption (SFC) sebesar 30,62% dan konsumsi energi sebesar 18,38%, yang menunjukkan pemanfaatan energi bahan bakar yang lebih optimal sehingga pembakaran lebih sempurna dan menghasilkan emisi karbon yang lebih rendah. Dari sisi emisi, penggunaan hidrogen mampu menurunkan emisi berbasis karbon secara signifikan, ditunjukkan oleh penurunan emisi CO₂ sebesar 46,02% dan smoke opacity sebesar 39,13% pada 1400 RPM. Penurunan ini terjadi karena karakteristik hidrogen yang tidak mengandung karbon, serta kecepatan rambat api dan difusivitas yang tinggi sehingga menghasilkan pembakaran yang lebih sempurna dibandingkan biodiesel B40. Namun demikian, penambahan hidrogen juga menyebabkan peningkatan emisi NOx hingga 117,35% akibat dari flame speed yang tinggi, energi penyalaan rendah sehingga temperatur pembakaran meningkat. Meskipun demikian, NOx menurun seiring meningkatnya RPM karena pada durasi injeksi yang tetap, waktu injeksi semakin singkat dengan RPM yang meningkat sehingga terjadi penurunan Hydrogen Energy Share (HES) dan berkurangnya residence time gas pada putaran yang meningkat, sehingga pembentukan NOx menjadi lebih terbatas.
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The energy transition from conventional energy sources toward more environmentally friendly energy has become highly important, particularly in the maritime industry, in order to support the decarbonization targets of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) toward net-zero emissions by 2050. One promising approach to be developed is the utilization of hydrogen as a supplementary fuel in diesel engines through a dual fuel system. This study aims to experimentally investigate the effect of variations in hydrogen injection duration at the intake port on the performance and emissions of a diesel–hydrogen engine. The testing was conducted using a single-cylinder Yanmar TF 85 MH-di diesel engine employing the port injection method, in which hydrogen was injected at a pressure of 1.5 bar at a constant injection angle of 12O bTDC, with the injection duration varied at 60O, 90O, and 120O crank angle. The results show that the addition of hydrogen has a positive impact on engine performance. The most optimal configuration was obtained at an injection duration of 120O CA and an engine speed of 2200 RPM, which produced a power increase of 3.09%, from 5.876 kW to 6.058 kW, as well as a torque increase of 3.05%, from 25.484 Nm to 26.284 Nm. In addition, at an injection duration of 120° CA and a speed of 1400 RPM, the specific fuel consumption (SFC) decreased by 30.62% and energy consumption decreased by 18.38%, indicating a more optimal utilization of fuel energy that results in more complete combustion and lower carbon emissions. In terms of emissions, the use of hydrogen was able to significantly reduce carbon-based emissions, as shown by a reduction in CO₂ emissions of 46.02% and smoke opacity of 39.13% at 1400 RPM. This reduction occurs due to the carbon-free characteristics of hydrogen, as well as its high flame propagation speed and diffusivity, which result in more complete combustion compared to biodiesel B40. Nevertheless, the addition of hydrogen also caused an increase in NOx emissions of up to 117.35%, resulting from the high flame speed and low ignition energy, which raise the combustion temperature. However, NOx emissions decreased as engine speed increased because, at a fixed injection duration, the injection time becomes shorter as RPM increases, leading to a reduction in the Hydrogen Energy Share (HES) and a decrease in gas residence time at higher speeds, thereby limiting NOx formation.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Diesel, Emisi, Hidrogen, Injeksi, Performa.Diesel, Emission, Hydrogen, Injection, Performance.
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ324.5 Fuel systems T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ797 Diesel motor--Fuel systems--Testing. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ799 Diesel motor--Electronic control. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359.B46 Biodiesel fuels. V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM731 Marine Engines
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Fahrezy Richard Dilny Adnan
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2026 07:33
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 07:37
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141322

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