Rancang Bangun Enegy Management System untuk Kendaraan Roda Dua dengan Renewable Energy Pararel Baterai-Superkapasitor dengan State Machine Control

Nayottama, Kumara Elno (2026) Rancang Bangun Enegy Management System untuk Kendaraan Roda Dua dengan Renewable Energy Pararel Baterai-Superkapasitor dengan State Machine Control. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kendaraan hybrid merupakan salah satu solusi untuk mengurangi polusi kendaraan bermotor dan ketergantungan terhadap bahan bakar fosil. Pada sistem hybrid berbasis hidrogen, diperlukan energy management system (EMS) yang mampu mendistribusikan daya secara efektif dan efisien, mengingat karakteristik fuel cell yang memiliki respons lambat terhadap perubahan beban. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan mengimplementasikan EMS berbasis state machine control (SMC) pada sistem hybrid kendaraan roda dua, serta menganalisis pengaruh beban dinamis dan tegangan sumber energi terhadap kinerja sistem. Implementasi dilakukan pada mikrokontroler ESP32, dengan DC power supply digunakan sebagai representasi keluaran fuel cell. Pengujian dilakukan pada kondisi idle, cruising, akselerasi, serta kombinasi ketiganya pada empat variasi tegangan DC supply (14 V, 12 V, 10 V, dan 8 V) untuk mengevaluasi respons arus, tegangan, dan distribusi daya antar sumber energi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan EMS berbasis SMC berhasil diimplementasikan dengan akurasi transisi state mencapai 98,9% pada skenario cruising 14 V. Pada kondisi idle, seluruh sumber energi menunjukkan arus mendekati nol dengan tegangan bus yang stabil di sekitar 22 V. Pada kondisi cruising, DC supply berperan sebagai sumber utama, sedangkan baterai baru berkontribusi ketika tegangan DC supply turun di bawah 12 V, dengan arus baterai meningkat dari 0 A menjadi 0,613–0,637 A. Pada kondisi akselerasi, arus beban meningkat signifikan dari 0 A (idle) menjadi rata-rata 2 A, direspons oleh peningkatan arus baterai dari 0,380 A menjadi 0,965 A dan superkapasitor dari 0,009 A menjadi 0,020 A, tanpa mengganggu kestabilan tegangan bus (deviasi maksimal 0,2 V). Superkapasitor secara konsisten berperan meredam lonjakan arus transien pada setiap perubahan state. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa EMS berbasis State Machine Control mampu mengelola distribusi daya secara otomatis sesuai perubahan kondisi operasi dan berpotensi diterapkan pada sistem kendaraan listrik hybrid berbasis fuel cell.
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Hybrid vehicles offer a solution to reduce pollution from motor vehicles and dependence on fossil fuels. In hydrogen-based hybrid systems, an energy management system (EMS) capable of effective and efficient power distribution is essential, given the fuel cell's slow response to load fluctuations. This research designs and implements a state machine control (SMC) based EMS for a two-wheeled hybrid vehicle system and analyzes the effects of dynamic load and source voltage on system performance. The EMS was implemented on an ESP32 microcontroller, with a DC power supply used to represent fuel cell output. Tests were conducted under idle, cruising, and acceleration conditions, as well as combined scenarios, across four DC supply voltage levels (14 V, 12 V, 10 V, and 8 V), to evaluate current and voltage responses and power distribution among energy sources. The SMC-based EMS was successfully implemented, achieving a state-transition accuracy of 98.9% in the 14 V cruising scenario. During idling, all energy sources showed near-zero current with a stable bus voltage of approximately 22 V. During cruising, the DC supply served as the primary source, while the battery contributed only once DC supply voltage dropped below 12 V, with battery current rising from 0 A to 0.613–0.637 A. During acceleration, load current rose sharply from 0 A (idle) to an average of 2 A, met by battery current increasing from 0.380 A to 0.965 A and supercapacitor current from 0.009 A to 0.020 A, while bus voltage remained stable within a maximum deviation of 0.2 V. The supercapacitor consistently damped transient current spikes during every state transition. These findings indicate that the State Machine Control based EMS effectively manages power distribution according to changing operating conditions and holds strong potential for application in fuel cell based hybrid electric vehicle systems.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Energy Management System, State Machine Control, Hybrid, baterai, superkapasitor, Energy Management System, State Machine Control, Hybrid, battery, supercapasitor
Subjects:	T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL152.5 Motor vehicles Driving T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL220 Electric vehicles and their batteries, etc. T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL440 Motorcycles.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Physics Engineering > 30201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Kumara Elno Nayottama
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2026 04:40
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2026 04:40
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141340

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