Analisis Performa Dan Emisi Pada Mesin Diesel Terhadap Penggunaan Bahan Bakar Campuran Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) Dan Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME)

Zuhdi, Labib Faiz (2026) Analisis Performa Dan Emisi Pada Mesin Diesel Terhadap Penggunaan Bahan Bakar Campuran Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) Dan Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Sektor maritim merupakan salah satu penyumbang emisi gas rumah kaca yang cukup besar, terutama akibat ketergantungan kapal terhadap Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) berkadar sulfur tinggi. Tekanan regulasi dari International Maritime Organization (IMO) yang terus diperketat mendorong pencarian bahan bakar alternatif dengan emisi lebih rendah, salah satunya melalui pemanfaatan Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) yang memiliki kompatibilitas baik dengan HFO sehingga berpotensi menjadi solusi untuk mengurangi emisi bahan bakar residu. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh pencampuran HFO dan FAME terhadap performa serta emisi mesin diesel Yanmar TF85 MH, sekaligus membandingkan hasilnya dengan bahan bakar B40 Pertamina. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap HFO murni, FAME murni, tiga variasi campuran, yaitu 40% FAME + 60% HFO, 50% FAME + 50% HFO, dan 60% FAME + 40% HFO, serta B40 Pertamina pada rentang putaran mesin 1600–2200 rpm dengan kondisi beban optimal. Parameter yang dievaluasi meliputi torsi, daya, Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC), serta emisi CO₂, NOx, dan smoke. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan FAME ke dalam HFO meningkatkan torsi, daya, dan efisiensi konsumsi bahan bakar dibandingkan HFO murni, dengan komposisi 40% FAME + 60% HFO menghasilkan performa terbaik di antara seluruh variasi campuran. Namun, kinerja campuran HFO-FAME masih berada di bawah B40 Pertamina akibat viskositas HFO yang tinggi dan kandungan residu karbon yang besar sehingga menghambat proses atomisasi bahan bakar pada mesin berkecepatan tinggi. Dari aspek emisi, campuran HFO-FAME menghasilkan kadar CO₂ dan NOx lebih tinggi dibandingkan HFO murni sebagai konsekuensi pembakaran yang lebih sempurna, sedangkan HFO murni menghasilkan emisi smoke lebih rendah. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa FAME berfungsi sebagai fuel quality improver yang mampu memperbaiki sifat fisikokimia dan kualitas pengapian bahan bakar residu sehingga campuran HFO-FAME berpotensi menjadi solusi transisi energi maritim untuk menurunkan kandungan sulfur, meningkatkan efisiensi operasional mesin diesel kapal, dan memenuhi regulasi lingkungan internasional.
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The maritime sector is one of the major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, primarily due to the extensive use of high-sulfur Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) as marine fuel. The increasingly stringent regulations imposed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) have encouraged the development of alternative fuels with lower emissions, one of which is Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME). Owing to its good compatibility with HFO, FAME has the potential to reduce the environmental impact of residual fuels. This study aims to analyze the effect of blending HFO with FAME on the performance and exhaust emissions of a Yanmar TF85 MH diesel engine and to compare the results with those obtained using Pertamina B40 fuel. The experiments were conducted using pure HFO, pure FAME, three fuel blends consisting of 40% FAME + 60% HFO, 50% FAME + 50% HFO, and 60% FAME + 40% HFO, as well as Pertamina B40, at engine speeds ranging from 1600 to 2200 rpm under optimum loading conditions. The evaluated parameters included torque, power output, Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC), and emissions of CO₂, NOx, and smoke. The results showed that blending FAME with HFO improved torque, power output, and fuel consumption efficiency compared with pure HFO, with the 40% FAME + 60% HFO blend demonstrating the best performance among all blended fuels. However, the overall performance of the HFO-FAME blends remained inferior to that of Pertamina B40 due to the relatively high viscosity and carbon residue content of HFO, which hindered efficient fuel atomization in high-speed diesel engines. In terms of emissions, the HFO-FAME blends produced higher CO₂ and NOx emissions than pure HFO as a consequence of more complete combustion, whereas pure HFO generated lower smoke emissions. This study concludes that FAME functions as a fuel quality improver by enhancing the physicochemical properties and ignition quality of residual fuel, indicating that HFO-FAME blends offer a promising transitional solution for reducing sulfur content, improving the operational efficiency of marine diesel engines, and complying with international environmental regulations.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Heavy Fuel Oil, Fatty Acid Methyl Ester, performa mesin diesel, emisi gas buang, bahan bakar campuran.Heavy Fuel Oil, diesel engine performance, exhaust emissions, fuel blend.
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ324.5 Fuel systems T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ797 Diesel motor--Fuel systems--Testing. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359.B46 Biodiesel fuels. V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM731 Marine Engines
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Labib Faiz Zuhdi
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2026 08:49
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 08:49
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141354

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