Sulai, Blessica Graciela (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Suhu dan Tekanan pada Flash Separator terhadap Distribusi Massa Outlet dan Kualitas Fraksi Pyro-Oil Hasil Pirolisis Limbah Plastik LDPE dan PP. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Limbah plastik Low Density Polyethylene dan Polypropylene berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai feedstock proses pirolisis untuk menghasilkan pyro-oil sebagai salah satu pendekatan waste management di tingkat TPST komunitas. Namun, destilator skala TPST masih memiliki keterbatasan kontrol temperatur dan tekanan pada sistem kondensasi, sehingga distribusi serta kualitas fraksi produk belum terarah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi performa destilator dalam menghasilkan produk cair serta menganalisis pengaruh temperatur dan tekanan flash separator terhadap distribusi dan kualitas fraksi pyro-oil menggunakan simulasi Aspen Plus. Eksperimen dilakukan dengan 5 kg LDPE dan 5 kg PP pada destilator semi batch. Produk cair dianalisis berdasarkan volume, massa, yield, dan karakterisasi GC-MS. Data eksperimen dan komposisi GC-MS digunakan sebagai input pemodelan Aspen Plus dan sistem pemisahan serta kondensasi dengan rangkaian flash separator. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan yield produk cair sebesar 84,14 wt% untuk LDPE dan 83,5 wt% untuk PP, dengan produk yang didominasi fraksi diesel range. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan kenaikan temperatur flash separator cenderung menurunkan mass flow produk cair dan meningkatkan uap, sedangkan kenaikan tekanan meningkatkan produk cair yang terkondensasi. Evaluasi kualitas menunjukkan fraksi kerosene-like yang paling mendekati acuan. Pada fraksi diesel-like, cetane index digunakan sebagai indikator kualitas penyalaan sedangkan mass density masih berada di bawah rentang acuan. Pada fraksi gasoline-like, nilai reid vapor pressure mendekati acuan pada temperatur separator rendah sehingga membutuhkan sistem pendingin tambahan. Sehingga, kondisi operasi perlu ditentukan secara terpisah untuk setiap fraksi target. Dan hasil penelitian ini digunakan sebagai evaluasi teknis awal terhadap pengembangan destilator pirolisis skala TPST.
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Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and Polypropylene (PP) plastic waste have the potential to be utilized as feedstock for pyrolysis processes to produce pyro-oil as an alternative approach to waste management at the community-scale integrated waste treatment facility (TPST) level. However, the community-scale distillation units still have limitations in controlling temperature and pressure within the condensation system, resulting in less controlled product fraction distribution and quality. This study aims to evaluate the performance of the distillation unit in producing liquid products and to analyze the effects of temperature and pressure in flash separators on the distribution and quality of pyro-oil fractions using Aspen Plus simulation. Experiments were conducted using 5 kg of LDPE and 5 kg of PP in a semi-batch distillation unit. The liquid products were analyzed based on volume, mass, yield, and GC-MS characterization. Experimental data and GC-MS composition were used as inputs for Aspen Plus modelling and fractionation condensation system using a series of flash separators. The experimental results showed liquid yield of 84.14 wt% for LDPE and 83.5 wt% for PP, with the products predominantly consisting of diesel-range fractions. The simulation results indicated that increasing the flash separator temperature tended to reduce the liquid mass flow and increase the vapor fraction, while increasing the pressure enhanced liquid condensation. The quality evaluation showed that the kerosene-like fraction was the closest to the reference standards. In the diesel-like fraction, cetane index was used as an indicator of ignition quality, while mass density remained below the reference range. In the gasoline-like fraction, the reid vapor pressure value approached the reference range at low separator temperature, indicating the need for an additional cooling system. Therefore, the operating conditions need to be determined separately for each target fraction. The results of this study serve as an initial technical evaluation for the development of a community-scale pyrolysis distillation unit.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Diploma) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Pirolisis, Pyrolysis, pyro-oil, flash separator, Aspen Plus, waste management |
| Subjects: | T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.62 Simulation T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP1140 Polymers T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP156 Crystallization. Extraction (Chemistry). Fermentation. Distillation. Emulsions. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP343 Liquid and gaseous fuel |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Physics Engineering > 30201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Blessica Graciela Sulai |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Aug 2026 05:20 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Aug 2026 05:20 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141392 |
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