Analisis Pembangkitan Panas Internal pada Baterai Lithium-Ion dengan Fokus pada Pertumbuhan Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI)

Nusaputra, Rifqi (2026) Analisis Pembangkitan Panas Internal pada Baterai Lithium-Ion dengan Fokus pada Pertumbuhan Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Baterai lithium-ion 18650 telah menjadi salah satu teknologi penyimpanan energi utama dalam kendaraan listrik, namun performa dan umur pakainya sangat dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik lapisan Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) yang terbentuk pada permukaan anoda. Lapisan SEI berperan sebagai pelindung antarmuka elektroda-elektrolit, namun pertumbuhannya yang tidak terkendali dapat meningkatkan resistansi internal, mempercepat degradasi kapasitas, dan berpotensi menimbulkan risiko termal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh variasi ketebalan lapisan SEI terhadap karakteristik termal dan performansi baterai lithium-ion 18650 melalui pendekatan simulasi numerik menggunakan perangkat lunak COMSOL Multiphysics. Variasi ketebalan SEI yang digunakan adalah 10 nm, 50 nm, 150 nm, dan 400 nm, dengan kondisi operasi discharge rate 1C, 2C, dan 3C serta SOC awal 100%, 80%, 50%, dan 20%. Simulasi divalidasi terhadap data eksperimen pada kondisi 1C dan 2C dengan nilai error rata-rata masing-masing sebesar 1,101% dan 7,153%, yang menunjukkan bahwa model simulasi telah merepresentasikan kondisi operasi nyata secara memadai. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara ketebalan SEI dan suhu operasi bersifat non linear. Variasi 400 nm menghasilkan suhu tertinggi sebesar 301,4 K dan laju pembangkitan panas total (Q total) tertinggi sebesar 1,270 W, sementara variasi 50 nm menghasilkan suhu terendah sebesar 300,45 K dengan Q total sebesar 0,775 W. Variasi 10 nm menghasilkan suhu yang sedikit lebih tinggi dibandingkan 50 nm akibat belum optimalnya pasivasi antarmuka elektroda-elektrolit pada ketebalan tersebut. Dari sisi degradasi kapasitas, variasi 400 nm mencatat State of Health (SoH) terendah sebesar 81,915%, sedangkan variasi 10 nm menghasilkan SoH tertinggi sebesar 82,007% pada rentang siklus 2500–2800. Pada analisis dengan SEI tetap 50 nm, peningkatan discharge rate dari 1C ke 3C meningkatkan suhu maksimum dari 300,45 K hingga 307.58312 K pada SOC 100%, disertai lonjakan Q total dari 0,77506 W menjadi 6.26596 W secara non-linear sesuai hubungan kuadratik Joule heating. Ketebalan SEI 50 nm disimpulkan sebagai kondisi optimal yang menghasilkan suhu operasi paling rendah, Q total minimal, dan nilai SoH yang tinggi, menjadikannya titik keseimbangan termal terbaik di antara seluruh variasi yang diuji.

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Lithium-ion 18650 batteries have become one of the primary energy storage technologies in electric vehicles; however, their performance and service life are significantly influenced by the characteristics of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) layer formed on the anode surface. The SEI layer acts as a protective interface between the electrode and electrolyte, yet its uncontrolled growth can increase internal resistance, accelerate capacity degradation, and potentially pose thermal risks. This study aims to analyze the effect of SEI layer thickness variation on the thermal characteristics and performance of lithium-ion 18650 batteries through a numerical simulation approach using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The SEI thickness variations used are 10 nm, 50 nm, 150 nm, and 400 nm, under operating conditions of discharge rates of 1C, 2C, and 3C, and initial State of Charge (SOC) values of 100%, 80%, 50%, and 20%. The simulation was validated against experimental data under 1C and 2C conditions, yielding mean error values of 1.101% and 7.153%, respectively, indicating that the simulation model adequately represents real operating conditions. Simulation results show that the relationship between SEI thickness and operating temperature is non-linear. The 400 nm variation produced the highest operating temperature of 301.4 K and the highest total heat generation rate (Q total) of 1.270 W, while the 50 nm variation yielded the lowest temperature of 300.45 K with a Q total of 0.775 W. The 10 nm variation produced a slightly higher temperature than the 50 nm variation due to insufficiently optimized electrode–electrolyte interface passivation at that thickness. In terms of capacity degradation, the 400 nm variation recorded the lowest State of Health (SOH) of 81.915%, whereas the 10 nm variation yielded the highest SOH of 82.007% over a cycle range of 2500–2800. In the analysis with a fixed SEI thickness of 50 nm, increasing the discharge rate from 1C to 3C raised the maximum temperature from 300.45 K to 307.58312 K at 100% SOC, accompanied by a non-linear surge in Q total from 0.77506 W to 6.26596 W, consistent with the quadratic Joule heating relationship. An SEI thickness of 50 nm is concluded to be the optimal condition, producing the lowest operating temperature, minimal Q total, and a high SoH value, making it the best thermal equilibrium point among all tested variations.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Battery Management System, Battery Technology, Energy Storage, Thermal Management, Thermal Analysis Sistem Manajemen Baterai, Teknologi Baterai, Penyimpanan Energi, Manajemen Termal, Analisis Termal
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD79.T38 Thermal analysis T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK2921 Lithium cells. T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK2941 Storage batteries
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Physics Engineering > 30201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Rifqi Nusaputra
Date Deposited:	02 Aug 2026 13:35
Last Modified:	02 Aug 2026 13:35
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141397

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