Simulasi Spring Assisted Cranioplasty Berbahan Stainless Steel 316L Dengan Finite Elemen Method Menggunakan ANSYS

Andini, Maulidiah (2026) Simulasi Spring Assisted Cranioplasty Berbahan Stainless Steel 316L Dengan Finite Elemen Method Menggunakan ANSYS. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kraniosinostosis merupakan kelainan bawaan akibat penutupan prematur sutura kranial yang membatasi pertumbuhan tengkorak dan dapat mengganggu perkembangan otak. Salah satu penanganannya adalah Spring-Assisted Cranioplasty (SAC), yang menggunakan implan kawat berbentuk U dalam kondisi
terkompresi untuk menghasilkan gaya reaksi dan mendorong ekspansi kranium secara bertahap. Penelitian ini menganalisis respons mekanik pegas dan tengkorak bayi penderita kraniosinostosis sagital berusia 3 bulan dengan ketebalan tengkorak sekitar 2 mm menggunakan metode elemen hingga (Finite Element Method/FEM). Material pegas yang digunakan adalah Stainless Steel 316L ASTM F138 karena
biokompatibilitas dan sifat mekaniknya terutama Modulus Young dan tegangan luluh, untuk mengevaluasi kekakuan, distribusi tegangan, dan potensi deformasi plastis. Optimasi geometri dilakukan menggunakan metode Design of Experiment (DoE) Taguchi dengan rancangan ortogonal L9 dan disimulasikan menggunakan ANSYS model Static Structural. Variasi meliputi panjang kawat 80, 120, dan 160 mm; radius pegas 8, 10, dan 12 mm; serta diameter kawat 1,0; 1,2; dan 1,4 mm. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa panjang kawat paling dominan memengaruhi gaya reaksi, diikuti diameter kawat dan radius pegas. Konfigurasi geometri optimum, yaitu panjang 160 mm, radius 8 mm, dan diameter 1,2 mm, yang menghasilkan gaya reaksi 6,01 N sesuai target 6–8,5 N dan tegangan von Mises maksimum pegas sebesar 886,30 MPa masih di bawah ultimate tensile strength 1.035 MPa, sedangkan equivalent plastic strain 4,54% menunjukkan deformasi plastis lokal. Penerapan gaya tersebut menghasilkan deformasi kranium maksimum 0,57676 mm dan tegangan von Mises 1,4323 MPa pada detik pertama. Rasio hourglass energy 2,82% < 5% menunjukkan kestabilan numerik model. Dengan demikian, konfigurasi geometri kawat optimum berhasil memenuhi target gaya reaksi SAC dan menghasilkan respons mekanik kranium yang terukur, dengan perilaku pegas yang secara global didominasi deformasi elastik meskipun terdapat deformasi plastis lokal pada daerah radius dan kaki pegas.
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Craniosynostosis is a congenital disorder caused by the premature closure of cranial sutures, which restricts skull growth and can impair brain development. One treatment option is Spring-Assisted Cranioplasty (SAC), which uses a U shaped wire implant in a compressed state to generate a reaction force and promote gradual cranial expansion. This study analyzes the mechanical response of the spring and the skull of a 3-month-old infant with sagittal craniosynostosis with a skull thickness of approximately 2 mm using the finite element method (Finite Element Method/FEM). The spring material used was Stainless Steel 316L ASTM F138 due to its biocompatibility and mechanical properties particularly Young’s modulus and yield strength to evaluate stiffness, stress distribution, and potential
for plastic deformation. Geometric optimization was performed using the Taguchi Design of Experiments (DoE) method with an L9 orthogonal design. The variables included wire lengths of 80, 120, and 160 mm; spring radii of 8, 10, and 12 mm; and wire diameters of 1.0, 1.2, and 1.4 mm. The analysis results show that wire length has the most dominant effect on the reaction force, followed by wire diameter and spring radius. The optimal configuration a length of 160 mm, a radius of 8 mm, and a diameter of 1.2 mm produces a reaction force of 6.01 N, which falls within the target range of 6–8.5 N. The maximum von Mises stress of the spring, at 886.30 MPa, remained below the ultimate tensile strength of 1,035 MPa, while the equivalent plastic strain of 4.54% indicated local plastic deformation.
Application of this force resulted in a maximum cranial deformation of 0.57676 mm and a von Mises stress of 1.4323 MPa. The hourglass energy ratio of 2.82% indicates the numerical stability of the model. Thus, the optimal configuration successfully met the SAC reaction force target and produced a measurable mechanical response of the skull, with spring behavior that was globally dominated by elastic deformation despite the presence of local plastic deformation in the radius and spring leg regions.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Gaya Reaksi; Kraniosinostosis; Metode Elemen Hingga; Spring Assisted Cranioplasty; Stainless Steel 316L.
Subjects:	R Medicine > RD Surgery > RD132 Implants, Artificial. T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA347 Finite Element Method T Technology > TS Manufactures > TS171 Product design
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Maulidiah Andini
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2026 08:31
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 08:31
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141401

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