Model Penentuan Skema Bunkering Pada Perusahaan Pelayaran: Perbandingan Vendor Dan Armada Bunker Sendiri

Hudzaifah, Muhammad Naufal (2026) Model Penentuan Skema Bunkering Pada Perusahaan Pelayaran: Perbandingan Vendor Dan Armada Bunker Sendiri. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Biaya bahan bakar kapal atau bunker secara konsisten merupakan komponen terbesar dalam voyage cost, berkontribusi antara 40 hingga 60 persen dari biaya total perjalanan. Perusahaan pelayaran pada umumnya bergantung pada vendor eksternal dalam pengadaan bunker, namun skema ini mengandung margin distribusi dan premi risiko yang tidak dapat dikontrol secara langsung. Penelitian ini mengembangkan model kuantitatif untuk menentukan kondisi ekonomi minimum yang menjadi dasar keputusan perusahaan pelayaran dalam memilih antara skema vendor dan skema armada bunker sendiri. Model dibangun melalui analisis struktur biaya total berbasis Total Cost of Ownership, derivasi dua ambang batas kelayakan berupa ambang batas volume minimum dan ambang batas selisih harga minimum, serta analisis sensitivitas deterministik dengan metode one-at-a-time. Tiga kandidat kapal jenis SPOB/tanker dikaji sebagai representasi kelas kecil, sedang, dan besar. Validasi kapasitas operasional
dilakukan dengan menggunakan matriks Service Load Factor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan armada bunker kecil menghasilkan nilai volume minimum sebesar 49.597.763 liter per tahun dan selisih harga minimum pada Rp 210,61 per liter sebagai kandidat paling awal yang mencapai titik impas ekonomis. Analisis sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa parameter yang paling dominan adalah selisih harga dengan urutan selisih harga lebih besar dari biaya operasi, biaya operasi lebih besar dari biaya pelayaran, dan biaya pelayaran lebih besar dari biaya modal. Pemetaan zona kelayakan dua dimensi menunjukkan bahwa kelayakan skema
armada sendiri bersifat kondisional terhadap kombinasi volume dan selisih harga secara bersamaan. Strategi pengambilan keputusan dikembangkan untuk mengoperasionalisasikan model ini secara praktis bagi perusahaan pelayaran.
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Ship fuel costs, or bunker costs, consistently represent the largest component of voyage costs, accounting for between 40 and 60 percent of total voyage costs. Shipping companies generally rely on external vendors for bunker procurement, but this arrangement involves distribution margins and risk premiums that cannot be directly controlled. This study develops a quantitative model to determine the minimum economic conditions that underlie shipping companies' decisions when choosing between a vendor scheme and an in-house bunker fleet scheme. The model was constructed through an analysis of the total cost structure based on Total Cost of Ownership, the derivation of two feasibility thresholds comprising the minimum volume threshold and the minimum price differential threshold, and a deterministic sensitivity analysis using the one-at-a-time method. Three SPOB/tanker vessel candidates were evaluated as representatives of the small, medium, and large classes. Operational capacity validation was performed using the Service Load Factor matrix. The results show that the small bunker fleet yields a minimum volume of 49,597,763 liters per year and a minimum price differential of Rp 210.61 per liter, making it the earliest candidate to reach the economic break-even point. The sensitivity analysis shows that the dominant parameter is the price differential, with the hierarchy of influence being price differential (ΔP) greater than operating cost (OC), OC greater than voyage cost (VC), and VC greater than capital cost (CC). The two-dimensional feasibility zone mapping shows that the feasibility of the in-house fleet scheme is conditional on the simultaneous combination of volume and price differential. A decision-making strategy was developed to operationalize this model in a practical way for shipping companies.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	skema bunkering, armada bunker sendiri, ambang batas ekonomi, analisis titik impas, total cost of ownership bunkering scheme, in-house bunker fleet, economic threshold, break-even analysis, total cost of ownership
Subjects:	H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications > HE147.6 Transportation--Planning H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications > HE564.A1 Shipping H Social Sciences > HE Transportation and Communications > HE566.T3 Tankers Q Science
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Transportation Engineering > 21207-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhammad Naufal Hudzaifah
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 03:33
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 03:33
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141478

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