Studi Implementasi Peralatan FACTS Pada Sistem Kelistrikan Sulawesi Untuk Mendukung Kestabilan Sistem

Handoko, Bagus (2026) Studi Implementasi Peralatan FACTS Pada Sistem Kelistrikan Sulawesi Untuk Mendukung Kestabilan Sistem. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Sistem kelistrikan Sulawesi Bagian Selatan (Sulbagsel) menghadapi peningkatan permasalahan kestabilan akibat pertumbuhan beban yang cepat, meningkatnya penetrasi energi terbarukan, serta koridor transmisi yang panjang. Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), khususnya Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), telah muncul sebagai solusi yang efektif untuk dukungan tegangan dinamis. Namun, tingginya biaya investasi memerlukan penentuan lokasi dan kapasitas yang cermat. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menentukan lokasi dan kapasitas optimal FACTS STATCOM guna meningkatkan kestabilan sistem selama periode RUPTL 2025–2034. Fungsi objektif menggunakan metode penilaian multikriteria yang mengintegrasikan deviasi tegangan, waktu pemulihan setelah gangguan, dan kapasitas perangkat. Berbeda dari pendekatan sebelumnya, metode ini mencakup simulasi keadaan tunak dan dinamis secara komprehensif pada kondisi normal maupun kontingensi. Simulasi multitahun digunakan untuk mengevaluasi dampak STATCOM pada berbagai tingkat beban dan musim.
Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa Gardu Induk Majene merupakan lokasi pemasangan yang optimal, dengan kebutuhan kapasitas STATCOM meningkat dari 50 MVAr pada tahun 2025 menjadi 230 MVAr pada tahun 2030. Dibandingkan dengan kondisi dasar tanpa STATCOM, dengan pemasangan STATCOM di GI Majene, deviasi tegangan rata-rata gardu induk berkurang dari 2,62% menjadi 2,56%, yang menunjukkan peningkatan sekitar 2,29%. Analisis perbandingan skenario menunjukkan bahwa STATCOM secara teknis dapat meningkatkan kestabilan transfer dari PLTA Poso dari 254,2 MW menjadi 318,5 MW, serta efektif dalam mengurangi kebutuhan penguatan transmisi pada koridor panjang.
Untuk memperjelas dasar pengambilan keputusan implementasi FACTS, dilakukan evaluasi komparatif terhadap empat skenario pengembangan sistem, yaitu kondisi eksisting, redispatch PLTA Poso, rekonduktoring jaringan, serta kombinasi STATCOM dengan rekonduktoring terbatas. Evaluasi ini mempertimbangkan aspek biaya investasi, keluaran energi, efisiensi biaya penyaluran melalui LCOET, rasio manfaat terhadap biaya, risiko implementasi lapangan, waktu konstruksi, serta tingkat kestabilan sistem. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa Skenario 1 memiliki keluaran energi tertinggi dan LCOET terendah, namun tidak memenuhi kriteria kestabilan. Skenario 2 dapat diterapkan dengan cepat melalui pengaturan operasi, tetapi menurunkan pemanfaatan energi dari PLTA Poso. Skenario 3 memberikan tingkat kestabilan tinggi dengan CAPEX relatif rendah, namun memiliki risiko implementasi lapangan yang lebih besar karena membutuhkan pekerjaan fisik pada beberapa ruas saluran. Sementara itu, Skenario 4 memberikan kestabilan tinggi melalui kombinasi STATCOM dan rekonduktoring terbatas, meskipun memerlukan CAPEX tertinggi dan LCOET paling besar.
Dari sisi finansial, Skenario 3 membutuhkan CAPEX sebesar Rp751,68 miliar dengan total annual expenditure Rp184,57 miliar per tahun, LCOET Rp68,70/kWh, BCR 7,31, NPV Rp44,36 triliun, IRR 175,35%, dan payback period 0,61 tahun. Skenario 4 memerlukan CAPEX sebesar Rp2,64 triliun dengan total annual expenditure Rp605,83 miliar per tahun, LCOET Rp217,14/kWh, BCR 2,31, NPV Rp41,93 triliun, IRR 56,58%, dan payback period 2,04 tahun. Berdasarkan evaluasi teknis dan finansial tersebut, implementasi FACTS pada sistem Sulawesi dapat direkomendasikan apabila sistem mengalami keterbatasan transfer daya akibat batas kestabilan, gangguan tegangan dinamis, kebutuhan dukungan daya reaktif lokal, serta ketika alternatif penguatan konvensional membutuhkan pekerjaan jaringan yang luas atau kurang fleksibel terhadap perubahan kondisi operasi.
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The Southern Sulawesi (Sulbagsel) power system faces increasing stability challenges due to rapid load growth, higher renewable energy penetration, and long transmission corridors. Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS), particularly Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM), have emerged as effective solutions for dynamic voltage support. However, their high investment costs require careful determination of both location and capacity. This study aims to determine the optimal location and capacity of FACTS STATCOM to improve system stability during the RUPTL 2025–2034 period. The objective function applies a multicriteria scoring method that integrates voltage deviation, post-disturbance recovery time, and device capacity. Unlike previous approaches, this method incorporates comprehensive steady state and dynamic simulations under both normal and contingency conditions. Multiyear simulations are conducted to evaluate the impact of STATCOM under various load levels and seasonal conditions.
The simulation results indicate that Majene Substation is the optimal installation location, with the required STATCOM capacity increasing from 50 MVAr in 2025 to 230 MVAr in 2030. Compared with the base case without STATCOM, the installation of STATCOM at Majene Substation reduces the average substation voltage deviation from 2.62% to 2.56%, representing an improvement of approximately 2.29%. Comparative scenario analysis shows that STATCOM can technically improve the stable transfer capability from PLTA Poso from 254.2 MW to 318.5 MW, while also effectively reducing the need for transmission reinforcement along long corridors.
To clarify the decision making basis for FACTS implementation, a comparative evaluation was conducted on four system development scenarios: existing condition, PLTA Poso redispatch, network reconductoring, and a combination of STATCOM with limited reconductoring. The evaluation considers investment cost, energy output, transmission cost efficiency through LCOET, benefit-cost ratio, field implementation risk, construction time, and system stability level. The results show that Scenario 1 provides the highest energy output and the lowest LCOET, but does not meet the stability criteria. Scenario 2 can be implemented quickly through operational adjustment, but reduces the utilization of energy from PLTA Poso. Scenario 3 provides a high level of stability with relatively low CAPEX, although it has greater field implementation risk due to the need for physical works on several transmission line sections. Meanwhile, Scenario 4 provides high stability through the combination of STATCOM and limited reconductoring, although it requires the highest CAPEX and results in the highest LCOET.
From a financial perspective, Scenario 3 requires CAPEX of IDR 751.68 billion, with a total annual expenditure of IDR 184.57 billion per year, an LCOET of IDR 68.70/kWh, a BCR of 7.31, an NPV of IDR 44.36 trillion, an IRR of 175.35%, and a payback period of 0.61 years. Scenario 4 requires a CAPEX of IDR 2.64 trillion, with a total annual expenditure of IDR 605.83 billion per year, an LCOET of IDR 217.14/kWh, a BCR of 2.31, an NPV of IDR 41.93 trillion, an IRR of 56.58%, and a payback period of 2.04 years. Based on these technical and financial evaluations, FACTS implementation in the Sulawesi power system can be recommended when the system experiences power transfer limitations due to stability constraints, dynamic voltage disturbances, local reactive power support requirements, and when conventional reinforcement alternatives require extensive network works or are less flexible in responding to changes in operating conditions.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	FACTS, STATCOM, stabilitas, kontingensi, Sulawesi. FACTS, STATCOM, stability, contingency, Sulawesi.
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK201 Electric Power Transmission T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK1010 Electric power system stability. Electric filters, Passive.
Divisions:	Faculty of Intelligent Electrical and Informatics Technology (ELECTICS) > Electrical Engineering > 20101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Bagus Handoko
Date Deposited:	02 Aug 2026 06:07
Last Modified:	02 Aug 2026 06:07
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141533

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