Analisis Perbandingan Intensitas Karbon dan Biaya Operasional Penggunaan Biodiesel dengan High-Speed Diesel Sebagai Upaya Dekarbonisasi dalam Dunia Maritim

Kartika, Adolf Rangga Bagus (2026) Analisis Perbandingan Intensitas Karbon dan Biaya Operasional Penggunaan Biodiesel dengan High-Speed Diesel Sebagai Upaya Dekarbonisasi dalam Dunia Maritim. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Dengan tingginya pelayaran memiliki kontribusi signifikan terhadap emisi karbon dioksida (CO₂) global akibat tingginya penggunaan baham bakar fosil pada sistem permesinan kapal. Untuk mendukung upaya dekarbonisasi, pemanfaatan biodiesel seperti B30, B35, dan hingga B50 menjadi salah satu alternatif yang potensial karena sifatnya yang terbarukan serta secara teoritis memiliki faktor karbon lebih rendah dibandingkan bahan bakar fosil. Penelitian ini menganalisis carbon faktor biodiesel dan biaya oprasional yang berfokus pada harga bahan bakar yang digunakan. Metode life cycle assessment (LCA) digunakan untuk memastikan bahwa proses produksi biodiesel benar-benar memberikan manfaat lingkungan secara menyeluruh. Dari hasil analisis yang ada menunjukkan bahwa carbon factornya B-100 bervariasi antara 0,71 hingga 2,87 gCO₂eq/g bergantung pada referensi Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). peningkatan persentase biodiesel cenderung menurunkan nilai carbon factor (B-100) sebesar 2,022 gCO₂eq/g, B-30 sebesar 2,958 gCO₂eq/g, B-35 sebesar 2,824 gCO₂eq/g, B-50 sebesar 2,65 gCO₂eq/g. Carbon Factor B-100 tersebut memiliki nilai yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan perhitungan carbon factor dengan molekul karbonnya sebesar 2,84 gCO₂eq/g. Biaya oprasional kapal terutama fuel cost dipengaruhi oleh 2 faktor, yaitu fuel consumption dan fuel price, dimana fuel price sangat dipengaruhi oleh harga minyak global. Selain itu, didapatkan estimasi harga untuk B-50 berkisar antara Rp20.653.381,47/KL hingga Rp26.606.763,46/KL. Biaya operasional kapal tidak selalu sebanding dengan peningkatan konsumsi bahan bakar per satuan jarak pelayaran. Pada transisi B-20 ke B-30 kenaikan implied harga bahan bakar per MT menjadi faktor yang paling dominan terhadap peningkatan biaya operasional dengan kontribusi sebesar 24,59% hingga 74,75%, perubahan biaya operasional lebih dominan dipengaruhi oleh kenaikan harga bahan bakar, sedangkan pada transisi B-35 ke B-40 perubahan volume konsumsi bahan bakar mulai menjadi faktor yang lebih dominan, yaitu berkisar antara -6,33% hingga +0,75%.
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Maritime transportation contributes significantly to global carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions due to the extensive use of fossil fuels in ship propulsion systems. To support decarbonization efforts, biodiesel blends such as B30, B35, and B50 have been proposed as promising alternative fuels because they are renewable and exhibit lower life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factors than conventional fossil fuels. This study evaluates the life-cycle GHG emission factor of biodiesel and ship operational costs, with particular emphasis on fuel costs. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach was employed to assess the environmental performance of biodiesel throughout its production and utilization stages. The results show that the life-cycle GHG emission factor of B100 ranges from 0,71 to 2,87 gCO₂eq/g, depending on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) reference adopted. Increasing the biodiesel blending ratio generally reduces the life-cycle GHG emission factor, with values of 2,958 gCO₂eq/g for B30, 2,824 gCO₂eq/g for B35, 2,65 gCO₂eq/g for B50, and 2,022 gCO₂eq/g for B100. The life-cycle GHG emission factor of B100 is lower than the emission factor calculated using the conventional carbon molecular approach, which yields 2,84 gCO₂eq/g. Ship operational costs, particularly fuel costs, are primarily influenced by two factors, namely fuel consumption and fuel price, with fuel prices being strongly affected by fluctuations in global crude oil prices. Furthermore, the estimated price of B50 ranges from IDR Rp20.653.381,47/kL to IDR Rp26.606.763,46/kL. The analysis further reveals that ship operational costs are not always proportional to fuel consumption per unit sailing distance. During the transition from B20 to B30, the increase in the implied fuel price per metric ton (MT) became the dominant driver of higher operational costs, contributing between 24,59% and 74,75%. This indicates that the increase in operational costs was primarily driven by fuel price escalation rather than changes in fuel consumption. In contrast, during the transition from B35 to B40, variations in fuel consumption became the more influential factor, with contributions ranging from −6,33% to +0,75%, indicating a gradual shift in the primary determinant of operational cost changes.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Biodiesel, Biaya Oprasional, Carbon Factor, IMO, LCA, NK, Operational Cost.
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP315 Fuel T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359.B46 Biodiesel fuels. V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM276.A1 Fuel (Including supplies, costs, etc.)
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Adolf Rangga Bagus Kartika
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 04:30
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 04:30
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141588

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