Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Penambahan Accelerator Terhadap Sifat Fisik & Sifat Mekanik Batu Bata Tanpa Bakar

Rahma, Ainur (2026) Studi Eksperimental Pengaruh Penambahan Accelerator Terhadap Sifat Fisik & Sifat Mekanik Batu Bata Tanpa Bakar. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Batu bata konvensional menghasilkan emisi CO₂ besar akibat proses pembakaran bersuhu tinggi, sehingga batu bata tanpa bakar muncul sebagai alternatif ramah lingkungan yang diproduksi pada suhu ruang. Namun, pengembangannya terkendala oleh waktu perawatan yang lama 28 hari dan kekuatan tekan awal yang rendah di bawah 2 MPa. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan formulasi optimal penggunaan accelerator untuk mempercepat hidrasi semen dan meningkatkan kekuatan mekanik batu bata tanpa bakar pada umur awal. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimen laboratorium dengan variasi menggunakan 3 accelerator CaCO₃, Ca (HCOO)₂, Ca (NO₃) ₂ sebesar 3%. Tahapan penelitian dilakukan dari persiapan bahan penyusun dengan perencanaan mix design dengan dilakukan uji pada umur 3, 7, 28 hari. Tahap pembuatan benda uji dimulai dari pencetakan bata dengan menggunakan ukuran persegi panjang 23 x 11 x 5,5 cm dengan membuat benda uji sebanyak 108 benda uji yang mana dari masing-masing variasi menggunakan 27 sampel, sehingga dari 4 variasi diperoleh total 108 benda uji (27 x 4) yang akan diuji pada umur 3, 7, dan 28 hari. Kemudian, benda uji melakukan proses perawatan atau curing. Tahap terakhir pengujian yang dilakukan terdiri dari pengujian uji tampak, penyerapan air, kadar garam, dan kuat tekan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sifat fisik bata tanpa bakar, yang meliputi uji tampak, penyerapan air, dan kadar garam, secara umum telah memenuhi persyaratan. Pada pengujian penyerapan air, variasi BTB-0, BTB-C, dan BTB-F memenuhi batas maksimum 20% dengan nilai berturut-turut sebesar 9,33%, 8,35%, dan 3,30%, sedangkan BTB-N tidak memenuhi persyaratan karena memiliki nilai penyerapan air sebesar 28,98%. Pengujian kadar garam menghasilkan nilai berkisar antara 0,001% hingga 0,004%. Pada pengujian kuat tekan umur 28 hari, BTB-F menghasilkan nilai tertinggi sebesar 5,03 MPa dan memenuhi syarat kuat tekan minimum sesuai SNI 15-2094-2000, sehingga digolongkan ke dalam bata mutu Kelas 50. Sementara itu, BTB-0, BTB-C, dan BTB-N masing-masing hanya mencapai 4,77 MPa, 4,10 MPa, dan 3,87 MPa, yang belum memenuhi syarat kuat tekan minimum Kelas 50 sesuai SNI 15-2094-2000, sehingga ketiga variasi tersebut belum dapat dikategorikan ke dalam kelas mutu bata merah manapun dan hanya dapat dipertimbangkan untuk aplikasi non-struktural yang tidak menuntut persyaratan kekuatan tekan tinggi.
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Conventional bricks produce significant CO₂ emissions due to the high-temperature firing process, making unfired bricks an environmentally friendly alternative produced at room temperature. However, their development is hampered by a long curing time of 28 days and a low initial compressive strength of less than 2 MPa. This study aims to find the optimal accelerator formulation to accelerate cement hydration and increase the mechanical strength of unfired bricks at an early age. The research method was conducted through laboratory experiments with variations using three accelerators: CaCO₃, Ca (HCOO₂), and Ca (NO₃) ₂ at 3%. The research stages ranged from material preparation to mix design planning, with tests conducted at 3, 7, and 28 days. The test specimen manufacturing process began with brick molding using rectangular bricks measuring 23 x 11 x 5,5 cm. A total of 108 specimens were made, with 27 samples from each variation. A total of 108 specimens (27 x 4) were obtained from the four variations. These specimens were tested at 3, 7, and 28 days. The specimens were then cured. The final testing phase consisted of visual acuity, water absorption, salt content, and compressive strength. The results of the study indicate that the physical properties of unfired bricks, which include visual acuity, water absorption, and salt content tests, generally meet the requirements. In the water absorption test, the variations of BTB-0, BTB-C, and BTB-F meet the maximum limit of 20% with values of 9.33%, 8.35%, and 3.30%, respectively, while BTB-N does not meet the requirements because it has a water absorption value of 28.98%. The salt content test produces values ranging from 0.001% to 0.004%. In the 28-day compressive strength test, BTB-F produced the highest value of 5.03 MPa and met the minimum compressive strength requirements according to SNI 15-2094-2000, so it is classified as a Class 50 quality brick. Meanwhile, BTB-0, BTB-C, and BTB-N each only reached 4.77 MPa, 4.10 MPa, and 3.87 MPa, which do not meet the minimum compressive strength requirements of Class 50 according to SNI 15-2094-2000, so these three variations cannot be categorized into any red brick quality class and can only be considered for non-structural applications that do not require high compressive strength requirements.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bata tanpa bakar, Accelerator, Hidrasi semen; Unfired brick, Accelerator, Cement Hydration
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA433 Strength of materials. T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA681 Concrete construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 22301-Civil Infrastructure Engineering (D4)
Depositing User:	Ainur Rahma
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2026 03:32
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 03:32
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141609

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