Pengaruh Parameter Proses terhadap Produksi Biofuel Berbasis Ampas Kopi dengan Metode Hydrothermal Liquefaction

Benhanes, Amadeo (2026) Pengaruh Parameter Proses terhadap Produksi Biofuel Berbasis Ampas Kopi dengan Metode Hydrothermal Liquefaction. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Ampas kopi merupakan limbah melimpah dengan kandungan lipid dan protein relatif tinggi serta kadar air besar, sehingga sesuai dikonversi menjadi biofuel melalui hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) yang tidak memerlukan pengeringan. Namun, bio-crude oil hasil HTL masih mengandung oksigen dan nitrogen tinggi sehingga memerlukan tahap upgrading melalui hydrotreating. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh parameter proses terhadap distribusi produk dan kebutuhan energi pada HTL ampas kopi, serta pengaruh suhu, tekanan, dan jenis katalis terhadap kualitas renewable diesel pada hydrotreating, menggunakan simulasi Aspen Plus. Hasil menunjukkan yield biocrude maksimum 47,28% pada suhu 275 °C dan rasio air 20:1, sedangkan tekanan tidak memengaruhi distribusi produk selama air tetap dalam fasa cair. Analisis energi mengungkap trade-off rasio 20:1 memberikan energy recovery tertinggi (76,5%) namun konsumsi energi spesifik terburuk (59,88 MJ/kg), sementara suhu 275 °C memberikan yield tertinggi sekaligus paling hemat energi (22,69 MJ/kg). Pada hydrotreating, kenaikan suhu meningkatkan penghilangan oksigen hingga 97,1%, sedangkan tekanan menentukan selektivitas jalur reaksi. Katalis aktif mencapai penghilangan oksigen ±90% dengan HHV 46,4–47,2 MJ/kg, dan biofuel yang dihasilkan memenuhi standar renewable diesel EN 15940 Kelas B.
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Spent coffee grounds are an abundant waste with relatively high lipid and protein content as well as high moisture, making them suitable for conversion into biofuel through hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), which does not require a drying step. However, the bio-crude oil produced from HTL still contains high levels of oxygen and nitrogen, thus requiring an upgrading stage through hydrotreating. This study analyzes the effect of process parameters on product distribution and energy requirements in the HTL of spent coffee grounds, as well as the effect of temperature, pressure, and catalyst type on renewable diesel quality in hydrotreating, using Aspen Plus simulation. The results show a maximum biocrude yield of 47.28% at a temperature of 275 °C and a water ratio of 20:1, while pressure did not affect product distribution as long as the water remained in the liquid phase. The energy analysis revealed a trade-off a ratio of 20:1 provided the highest energy recovery (76.5%) but the worst specific energy consumption (59.88 MJ/kg), whereas a temperature of 275 °C delivered both the highest yield and the lowest energy consumption (22.69 MJ/kg). In hydrotreating, increasing the temperature raised oxygen removal up to 97.1%, while pressure determined the reaction pathway selectivity. The active catalysts achieved approximately 90% oxygen removal with an HHV of 46.4–47.2 MJ/kg, and the resulting biofuel met the EN 15940 Class B renewable diesel standard.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Ampas kopi, Aspen Plus, Hydrothermal liquefaction, Hydrotreating, Renewable diesel Aspen Plus, Hydrothermal liquefaction, Hydrotreating, Renewable diesel, Spent coffee grounds
Subjects:	T Technology > TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering > TD195.B56 Biomass energy T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP359.B46 Biodiesel fuels.
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Physics Engineering > 30201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Amadeo Benhanes
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2026 08:54
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 08:54
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141647

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