Desain Campuran Beton Berkekuatan Tinggi dengan Optimasi Packing Density

Aini, Riska Nur (2026) Desain Campuran Beton Berkekuatan Tinggi dengan Optimasi Packing Density. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Beton mutu tinggi merupakan material konstruksi yang banyak digunakan pada infrastruktur modern karena memiliki kuat tekan dan durabilitas yang tinggi. Salah satu pendekatan untuk meningkatkan kinerja beton sekaligus mengurangi penggunaan semen adalah melalui optimasi packing density. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan packing density beton mutu tinggi melalui variasi gradasi agregat dengan bantuan perangkat lunak Elkem Material Mix Analyzer (EMMA) menggunakan metode Modified Andreasen Packing Model (MAPM), kemudian memvalidasi hasil optimasi menggunakan Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) dan Particle Packing Envelope Method (PPEM), serta mengevaluasi hubungan dan pengaruhnya terhadap sifat mekanik dan durabilitas beton. Material yang digunakan terdiri atas semen OPC, agregat halus, agregat kasar, fly ash tipe F, kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) mesh 3000 sebagai filler, dan superplasticizer berbasis polycarboxylate ether (PCE). Optimasi komposisi dilakukan melalui beberapa iterasi EMMA dan campuran optimum dipilih berdasarkan nilai RMSE terkecil serta hasil evaluasi PPEM dalam batas envelope. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian meliputi uji slump, densitas, wet packing density, kuat tekan umur 3, 7, dan 28 hari, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV), porositas, penyerapan air, resistivitas, dan permeabilitas udara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kuat tekan beton mutu tinggi pada umur 28 hari berkisar 44,61-62,73 MPa, sehingga seluruh variasi memenuhi kriteria beton mutu tinggi. Variasi HSC-1 menghasilkan nilai wet packing density tertinggi yaitu 0,705, kuat tekan sebesar 62,73 MPa, resistivitas tertinggi sebesar 29,1 kΩcm, UPV tertinggi sebesar 4617,44 m/s, permeabilitas sebesar 0,183 x 10⁻¹⁶ m²,nilai porositas sebesar 5,08%, serta nilai penyerapan air sebesar 2,48%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa optimasi packing density melalui EMMA yang divallidasi melalui RMSE dan PPEM mampu menghasilkan karakteristik beton yang lebih rapat sehingga meningkatkan sebagian besar sifat mekanik dan durabilitas beton. Dengan demikian, penerapan konsep packing density yang dikombinasikan dengan fly ash dan CaCO3 berpotensi menghasilkan beton mutu tinggi yang lebih efisien dalam penggunaan semen tanpa mengurangi kinerja beton.
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High-strength concrete is a construction material widely used in modern infrastructure due to its high compressive strength and durability. One approach to improving concrete performance while reducing cement consumption is through packing density optimization. This study aimed to optimize the packing density of high-strength concrete by varying aggregate gradation using the Elkem Material Mix Analyzer (EMMA) based on the Modified Andreasen Packing Model (MAPM), followed by validation of the optimization results using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and the Particle Packing Envelope Method (PPEM), as well as evaluating their relationship with and influence on the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. The materials used consisted of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, type F fly ash, 3000-mesh calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as a filler, and a polycarboxylate ether (PCE)-based superplasticizer. The mixture composition was optimized through several EMMA iterations, and the optimum mixture was selected based on the lowest RMSE value and the PPEM evaluation, in which the particle size distribution curve fell within the specified envelope limits. The concrete mixtures were subsequently evaluated through slump, density, wet packing density, compressive strength at 3, 7, and 28 days, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV), porosity, water absorption, resistivity, and air permeability tests. The results showed that the 28-day compressive strength ranged from 44,61 to 62,73 MPa, indicating that all mixtures satisfied the criteria for high-strength concrete. The HSC-1 mixture exhibited the highest wet packing density of 0,705, a compressive strength of 62,73 MPa, the highest resistivity of 29.1 kΩcm, the highest UPV of 4617,44 m/s, an air permeability of 0.183 × 10⁻¹⁶ m², a porosity of 5.08%, and a water absorption of 2,48%. These findings indicate that packing density optimization using EMMA, validated through RMSE and PPEM, produced a denser concrete characteristics, thereby improving most of the mechanical properties and durability of the concrete. Therefore, the application of the packing density concept combined with fly ash and CaCO3 has the potential to produce high-strength concrete with more efficient cement utilization without compromising concrete performance.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Beton mutu tinggi, packing density, EMMA, MAPM, durabilitas, High-Strength Concrete, packing density, EMMA, MAPM, durability
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA418.16 Materials--Testing. T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA433 Strength of materials. T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA439 Lightweight concrete. High strength concrete. T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA440 Concrete--Cracking. T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA441 Aggregates T Technology > TH Building construction > TH1461 Concrete construction.
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 22301-Civil Infrastructure Engineering (D4)
Depositing User:	Riska Nur Aini
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2026 04:14
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2026 04:14
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141672

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