Efisiensi Produksi Bio-jet Fuel Berbasis Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) Melalui Penggunaan Katalis Zirkonia Sulfat Termodifikasi Katalis Alam

Widasgantri, Treisnaning (2026) Efisiensi Produksi Bio-jet Fuel Berbasis Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) Melalui Penggunaan Katalis Zirkonia Sulfat Termodifikasi Katalis Alam. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) merupakan limbah yang berpotensi mencemari lingkungan, namun memiliki kandungan trigliserida dan asam lemak rantai panjang yang menjadikannya sebagai bahan baku potensial untuk produksi bio-jet fuel. Penelitian ini bertujuan mensintesis dan mengkarakterisasi katalis kobalt-zirkonia sulfat termodifikasi bentonit (Co/SZ-Bentonit), mengevaluasi kinerjanya pada proses Pyrolytic Catalytic Cracking (PCC), menentukan kondisi operasi optimum, mengkaji reusability katalis, serta menganalisis parameter yang paling memengaruhi efisiensi produksi bio-jet fuel. WCO dipretreatment menggunakan bleaching earth, kemudian disintesis katalis Co/SZ dengan variasi kadar Co 1%, 3%, dan 5% yang dimodifikasi bentonit pada rasio Co/SZ:Bentonit 1:1, 1:2, dan 2:1. Karakterisasi dilakukan menggunakan FTIR, BET, XRD, SEM-EDX, dan XRF, sedangkan produk cair dianalisis menggunakan GC-MS pada suhu reaksi 400, 430, dan 460°C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa katalis Co/SZ-Bentonit berhasil disintesis dengan terbentuknya gugus sulfat, peningkatan luas permukaan spesifik, dispersi Co yang baik, dan struktur kristal yang tetap terjaga. Kondisi optimum diperoleh pada katalis Co/SZ dengan impregnasi Co 5% pada suhu 400°C yang menghasilkan selektivitas bio-jet fuel sebesar 68,63%, yield cair 64,40% (wt) dan 66,00% (vt). Modifikasi bentonit dengan rasio 2:1 meningkatkan yield menjadi 76,99% (wt) dan 73,33% (vt) serta menghasilkan efisiensi produksi tertinggi sebesar 41,81% dengan stabilitas katalitik hingga empat siklus penggunaan. Analisis sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa selektivitas kerosene merupakan parameter yang lebih menentukan efisiensi produksi dibandingkan yield, sehingga optimasi katalis sebaiknya difokuskan pada peningkatan pembentukan fraksi hidrokarbon C₁₂–C₁₆.
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Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) is an abundant waste material that may cause environmental pollution if improperly managed. Nevertheless, its high triglyceride and long-chain fatty acid contents make it a promising renewable feedstock for sustainable bio-jet fuel production. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize a bentonite-modified cobalt-supported sulfated zirconia (Co/SZ-Bentonite) catalyst, evaluate its performance in the Pyrolytic Catalytic Cracking (PCC) process, determine the optimum operating conditions, investigate catalyst reusability, and identify the key parameter affecting bio-jet fuel production efficiency. WCO was pretreated using bleaching earth, followed by the synthesis of Co/SZ catalysts with cobalt loadings of 1, 3, and 5 wt%, and bentonite modification at Co/SZ-to-bentonite ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1. Catalysts were characterized using FTIR, BET, XRD, SEM-EDX, and XRF, while liquid products were analyzed by GC-MS at reaction temperatures of 400, 430, and 460°C. The results confirmed the successful synthesis of Co/SZ-Bentonite catalysts, as indicated by sulfate group formation, increased specific surface area, good cobalt dispersion, and preserved crystalline structure. The optimum performance was achieved using the 5 wt% Co/SZ catalyst at 400°C, producing a bio-jet fuel selectivity of 68.63%, with liquid yields of 64.40 wt% and 66.00 vol%. Bentonite modification at a 2:1 ratio further improved liquid yield to 76.99 wt% and 73.33 vol%, achieving the highest production efficiency of 41.81% while maintaining catalytic stability over four consecutive reaction cycles. Sensitivity analysis revealed that kerosene selectivity has a greater influence on production efficiency than liquid yield, indicating that catalyst optimization should prioritize the formation of C₁₂–C₁₆ hydrocarbons.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Bio-jet fuel, Waste Cooking Oil, Pyrolytic Catalytic Cracking, Co/SZ-Bentonit, Reusability
Subjects:	T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP315 Fuel
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Treisnaning Widasgantri
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2026 05:59
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2026 05:59
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141730

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