Perancangan Dan Analisis Pemanfaatan Excess Steam Pada Pembangkit Tenaga Panas Bumi

Enrico, Alfonsus (2026) Perancangan Dan Analisis Pemanfaatan Excess Steam Pada Pembangkit Tenaga Panas Bumi. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi (PLTP) merupakan salah satu sumber energi terbarukan yang mampu beroperasi sebagai base load. Namun, pada PLTP tipe dry steam masih terdapat excess steam yang dibuang melalui vent valve akibat fluktuasi beban listrik sehingga potensi energi yang terkandung belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan menganalisis pemanfaatan excess steam menggunakan siklus dry steam serta mengevaluasi pengaruh tekanan kondensor terhadap daya keluaran dan efisiensi pembangkitan. Pemodelan sistem dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak simulasi proses dengan konfigurasi yang terdiri atas turbin, direct contact condenser, pompa, dan cooling tower. Model divalidasi melalui perhitungan termodinamika dengan rata-rata error sebesar 5,3%, sehingga dinilai layak digunakan untuk analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa excess steam sebesar 42,52 ton/jam mampu menghasilkan daya keluaran sebesar 6.064,91 MW dan 5.905,36 MW. Efisiensi energi dan eksergi dari pembangkit yang dirancang masing-masing sebesar seperti PLTP dry steam pada umumnya. Analisis eksergi menunjukkan bahwa turbin memiliki efisiensi eksergi tertinggi sebesar 86,24%, sedangkan kehilangan eksergi terbesar terjadi pada kondensor dan cooling tower masing-masing sebesar 1.034,80 kW and 1.030,49 kW akibat proses pelepasan kalor dan irreversibilitas perpindahan panas serta massa. Analisis variasi tekanan excess steam menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan tekanan excess steam menyebabkan penurunan laju aliran massa excess steam yang dibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan daya keluaran turbin yang sama sehingga daya keluaran dan efisiensi pembangkitan meningkat sedangkan daya yang dikonsumsi peralatan menurun, menyebabkan bwr yang turun pula. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan excess steam melalui siklus dry steam berpotensi meningkatkan pemanfaatan energi panas bumi sekaligus menjadi alternatif untuk meningkatkan efisiensi operasional PLTP, mendukung tercapainya SDG 7 (energi bersih dan terjangkau).
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Geothermal power plants (GPPs) are a type of renewable energy source capable of operating as base load power. However, in dry-steam GPPs, excess steam is still discharged through vent valves due to fluctuations in electrical load, meaning that the potential energy contained therein has not been optimally utilized. This study aims to design and analyze the utilization of excess steam using a dry steam cycle and to evaluate the effect of condenser pressure on power output and generation efficiency. System modeling was performed using process simulation software with a configuration consisting of a turbine, a direct-contact condenser, a pump, and a cooling tower. The model was validated through thermodynamic calculations with an average error of 5.3%, making it suitable for analysis. The results show that 42.52 metric tons per hour of excess steam can generate an turbine output power and net power of 6.064,91 MW and 5.905,36 MW The energy and exergy efficiencies of the designed power plant are comparable to those of typical dry-steam geothermal power plants. The exergy analysis shows that the turbine has the highest exergy efficiency at 86.24%, while the largest exergy losses occur in the condenser and cooling tower, amounting to 1.034,80 kW and 1.030,49 kW, respectively, due to heat release processes and the irreversibility of heat and mass transfer. Analysis of excess steam pressure variations shows that an increase in excess steam pressure causes a decrease excess steam mass flow required for the same turbine power output, resulting in an increase in power output and generation efficiency, while the power consumed by the other equipments decrease resulting a decrease in bwr. The results of this study indicate that the utilization of excess steam through a dry steam cycle has the potential to improve the utilization of geothermal energy while also serving as an alternative to enhance the operational efficiency of geothermal power plants, supporting the achievement of SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy).

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	analisis eksergi, energi panas bumi, excess steam, PLTP dry steam, perancangan pembangkit, dry steam geothermal power plant, excess steam, exergy analysis, geothermal energy, power plant design
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK1318 Geothermal Power Plants
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Physics Engineering > 30201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Alfonsus Enrico
Date Deposited:	10 Aug 2026 00:56
Last Modified:	10 Aug 2026 00:56
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141772

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