Pemodelan Pemadaman Kebakaran Pada Kapal Ro-Ro Dalam Evaluasi Efektivitas Sistem Pemadam CO₂ Menggunakan Pyrosim

Ambarita, May Tri Angel (2026) Pemodelan Pemadaman Kebakaran Pada Kapal Ro-Ro Dalam Evaluasi Efektivitas Sistem Pemadam CO₂ Menggunakan Pyrosim. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kebakaran pada vehicle deck kapal Ro-Ro masih menjadi salah satu tantangan utama dalam aspek keselamatan pelayaran di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kasus kebakaran kapal Ro-Ro di Indonesia pada tahun 2018, di mana sistem pemadam tetap CO₂ tidak mampu memadamkan kebakaran secara optimal akibat tidak tercapainya kondisi total flooding. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas sistem pemadam tetap CO₂ serta menganalisis faktor operasional yang memengaruhi kinerjanya menggunakan simulasi Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) dengan perangkat lunak PyroSim berbasis Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). Pemodelan dilakukan pada vehicle deck 2, 3, dan 4 kapal studi kasus KM. XX dengan dua skenario. Skenario 1 merepresentasikan kondisi aktual insiden, yaitu aktivasi CO₂ pada menit ke-30, ventilasi tetap beroperasi, dan vehicle lift terbuka. Skenario 2 merepresentasikan kondisi ideal sesuai prosedur operasi standar, yaitu aktivasi CO₂ pada menit ke-15, ventilasi dihentikan, dan seluruh bukaan kompartemen ditutup sebelum pelepasan CO₂. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa pada Skenario 1 sistem CO₂ gagal memadamkan kebakaran, ditandai dengan nilai Heat Release Rate (HRR) yang meningkat hingga sekitar 150.000 kW akibat pengenceran konsentrasi CO₂ dan masuknya oksigen. Sebaliknya, pada Skenario 2 sistem CO₂ berhasil memadamkan kebakaran, ditunjukkan oleh penurunan kadar oksigen di bawah batas pembakaran serta penurunan HRR dari sekitar 72.000 kW menjadi 0 kW pada detik ke-1250. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efektivitas sistem pemadam tetap CO₂ sangat dipengaruhi oleh ketepatan waktu aktivasi serta keberhasilan isolasi ruang melalui penghentian ventilasi dan penutupan seluruh bukaan kompartemen sebelum pelepasan CO₂.
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Fire incidents on the vehicle decks of Ro-Ro ships remain a major challenge to maritime safety in Indonesia. This study was motivated by a Ro-Ro ship fire that occurred in Indonesia in 2018, in which the fixed CO₂ fire-extinguishing system failed to suppress the fire because total flooding conditions were not achieved. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a fixed CO₂ fire-extinguishing system and analyze the operational factors affecting its performance using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations with PyroSim based on the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The simulation model was developed for Decks 2, 3, and 4 of the case study vessel, KM. XX, using two scenarios. Scenario 1 represents the actual incident conditions, in which the CO₂ system was activated 30 minutes after ignition while the ventilation system remained in operation and the vehicle lift was left open. Scenario 2 represents the ideal operating condition, in which the CO₂ system was activated 15 minutes after ignition, the ventilation system was shut down, and all compartment openings were closed before CO₂ discharge. The simulation results show that, in Scenario 1, the CO₂ system failed to extinguish the fire, with the Heat Release Rate (HRR) increasing to approximately 150,000 kW due to CO₂ dilution and oxygen ingress. In contrast, Scenario 2 successfully suppressed the fire, as indicated by the reduction of oxygen concentration below the combustion limit and the decrease in HRR from approximately 72,000 kW to 0 kW at 1,250 seconds. These findings demonstrate that the effectiveness of a fixed CO₂ fire-extinguishing system depends primarily on timely activation and proper compartment isolation through ventilation shutdown and closure of all compartment openings before CO₂ discharge.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Kapal Ro-Ro, Vehicle Deck, Sistem Pemadam Tetap CO₂, Simulasi kebakaran, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Ro-Ro Ship, Vehicle Deck, Fixed CO₂ Fire Extinguishing System, Fire Simulation, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Subjects:	V Naval Science > V Naval Science (General) V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM381 Passenger ships
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	May Tri Angel Ambarita
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2026 02:44
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 02:44
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141820

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