Analisis Co-Firing Gas Alam–Hidrogen dan Gas Alam–Amonia terhadap Efisiensi Termal dan Karakteristik Emisi Gas Buang pada PLTG Aeroderivative GE TM2500+.

Ramadhan, Muhamad Falah (2026) Analisis Co-Firing Gas Alam–Hidrogen dan Gas Alam–Amonia terhadap Efisiensi Termal dan Karakteristik Emisi Gas Buang pada PLTG Aeroderivative GE TM2500+. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Peningkatan penggunaan bahan bakar hidrogen dan amonia sebagai substitusi parsial gas alam (cofiring) merupakan salah satu strategi dekarbonisasi sektor pembangkitan listrik menuju target Net Zero Emission. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh cofiring gas alam–hidrogen (Skenario A) dan gas alam–amonia (Skenario B) pada variasi rasio volumetrik 5–30% terhadap efisiensi termal dan karakteristik emisi gas buang PLTG aeroderivative GE TM2500+ di PLTG Maleo. Simulasi termodinamika siklus dilakukan menggunakan Aspen HYSYS V14 dengan strategi kontrol laju alir volumetrik bahan bakar dan Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT) konstan pada 1.230°C, sedangkan simulasi kinetika kimia pembakaran dilakukan menggunakan ANSYS Chemkin-Pro dengan arsitektur jaringan reaktor Perfectly Stirred Reactor (PSR) – Gas Mixer – Plug Flow Reactor (PFR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan efisiensi termal meningkat pada kedua skenario, dengan Skenario B menghasilkan peningkatan lebih signifikan dari 37,05% menjadi 37,44% dibandingkan Skenario A dari 37,05% menjadi 37,17% pada rasio 30%, disebabkan perbedaan densitas hidrogen dan amonia yang memengaruhi Back Work Ratio kompresor secara berbeda. Laju alir massa CO₂ pada kedua skenario relatif setara, dengan penurunan konsentrasi CO₂ yang berbeda murni disebabkan efek dilusi, bukan perbedaan dekarbonisasi. Emisi NOx Skenario A menunjukkan fluktuasi non-monotonik (23,4–25,5 ppm) didominasi mekanisme thermal NOx, sedangkan Skenario B menunjukkan kenaikan tajam hingga 2.988 ppm pada rasio 30% akibat dominasi mekanisme fuel-NOx dari nitrogen intrinsik amonia. Berdasarkan trade-off efisiensi dan emisi, cofiring hidrogen direkomendasikan sebagai skenario yang lebih seimbang untuk implementasi pada rentang rasio yang diteliti.
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The increasing utilization of hydrogen and ammonia as partial substitutes for natural gas (cofiring) constitutes one of the decarbonization strategies for the power generation sector toward the Net Zero Emission target. This study analyzes the effects of natural gas–hydrogen cofiring (Scenario A) and natural gas–ammonia cofiring (Scenario B) at volumetric ratio variations of 5–30% on the thermal efficiency and exhaust emission characteristics of the GE TM2500+ aeroderivative gas turbine power plant at PLTG Maleo. Thermodynamic cycle simulation was performed using Aspen HYSYS V14 with a constant volumetric fuel flow rate and constant Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT) of 1,230°C as the control strategy, while combustion chemical kinetics simulation was conducted using ANSYS Chemkin-Pro with a Perfectly Stirred Reactor (PSR)–Gas Mixer–Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) chemical reactor network architecture. The results show that thermal efficiency increased in both scenarios, with Scenario B yielding a more significant increase, from 37.05% to 37.44%, compared to Scenario A, from 37.05% to 37.17%, at the 30% ratio, attributable to differences in hydrogen and ammonia density that affect the compressor Back Work Ratio differently. The CO₂ mass flow rate in both scenarios was relatively equivalent, with the differing decline in CO₂ concentration purely attributable to a dilution effect rather than a difference in decarbonization performance. NOx emissions in Scenario A exhibited non-monotonic fluctuation (23.4–25.5 ppm), dominated by the thermal-NOx mechanism, whereas Scenario B showed a sharp increase up to 2,988 ppm at the 30% ratio due to the dominance of the fuel-NOx mechanism originating from the intrinsic nitrogen content of ammonia. Based on the efficiency–emission trade-off, hydrogen cofiring is recommended as the more balanced scenario for implementation within the studied ratio range.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Turbine Gas Aeroderevative, TM2500+, Cofiring, Hidrogen, Ammonia, Aspen HYSYS, Chemkin-Pro
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ778 Gas turbines
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology > Mechanical Engineering > 21101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Muhamad Falah Ramadhan
Date Deposited:	02 Aug 2026 19:50
Last Modified:	02 Aug 2026 19:50
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/141821

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