Jawakory, Malvin Reynara (2026) Analisis Konten Kualitatif Terkuantifikasi Dokumen Perencanaan Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik Pemerintah Daerah Indonesia. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Transformasi digital pemerintahan Indonesia dihadapkan pada fragmentasi sistem akibat silo effect dan ketiadaan integrasi data antarinstansi. Meskipun Peraturan Presiden Nomor 132 Tahun 2022 telah menetapkan standar preskriptif, dokumen perencanaan SPBE pemerintah daerah masih menunjukkan keberagaman signifikan, mulai dari ketidakseragaman nomenklatur hingga perbedaan substansi yang menghambat integrasi layanan nasional. Kajian terdahulu sebagian besar berfokus pada evaluasi kepuasan pengguna di tahap hilir, sementara kualitas perencanaan di tahap hulu, titik awal penyelenggaraan SPBE daerah, belum banyak ditelaah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi struktur dan kelengkapan, menganalisis pola kesamaan dan perbedaan substansi, serta memetakan kesesuaian domain, aspek, dan indikator dokumen perencanaan SPBE terhadap Peraturan Menteri PANRB Nomor 59 Tahun 2020. Dengan metode analisis konten kualitatif terkuantifikasi (quantified qualitative content analysis), yaitu pengodean kualitatif kutipan verbatim yang dikuantifikasi dan diolah statistik eksploratif, penelitian ini menelaah 52 dokumen Arsitektur dan Peta Rencana SPBE pemerintah daerah (3 provinsi, 33 kabupaten, dan 16 kota) yang dipublikasikan daring, sehingga menilai mutu perencanaan tanpa menguji implementasi lapangan. Analisis menghasilkan dataset 2.184 unit penilaian berdasarkan skema coding 42 indikator hasil konsolidasi dari 47 indikator Permen PANRB 59/2020. Proses coding melibatkan enam coder eksternal independen; percent agreement pada dimensi keberadaan indikator tercatat tinggi (97,53%), sementara dimensi kedalaman substansi menunjukkan perbedaan penilaian awal yang lebar. Seluruh 1.334 butir perbedaan dituntaskan melalui forum rekonsiliasi konsensus dengan rujukan kutipan verbatim, dan 301 butir berakhir pada nilai konsensus baru, sehingga dataset final berbasis bukti. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keberadaan indikator formal tinggi (98,6%), namun terdapat kecenderungan downstream bias, yaitu aspek layanan terelaborasi lebih rinci dibandingkan tata kelola internal. Klasterisasi K-Means menghasilkan tiga tingkat kematangan perencanaan: 29 daerah kedalaman tinggi, 21 sedang, dan 2 rendah. Dekomposisi variansi menunjukkan perbedaan kedalaman lebih berasosiasi dengan karakteristik daerah daripada jenis indikator SPBE. Meskipun korelasi Pearson antara kedalaman substansi dan kesesuaian standar kuat (r=0,77), analisis gap score negatif dan bukti verbatim mengindikasikan kesenjangan antara pemenuhan format dan kedalaman elaborasi substansi, terutama pada Domain Manajemen SPBE, dengan sejumlah dokumen menyatakan sendiri belum melaksanakan komponen yang dinilai. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya intervensi asimetris untuk memperkuat Domain Manajemen SPBE (Aspek Penerapan Manajemen SPBE), Domain Kebijakan Internal SPBE, dan Aspek Audit TIK, yang memperoleh skor elaborasi terendah. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pemerintah pusat menyediakan templat regulasi operasional manajemen risiko, manajemen pengetahuan, dan audit TIK, serta pemerintah daerah menyalurkan hasil evaluasi SPBE tahunan ke revisi rencana kerja tahunan, alih-alih menunggu siklus RPJMD lima tahunan, dan mendokumentasikan tindak lanjutnya (misalnya berita acara reviu) sebagai bukti nyata dampak evaluasi terhadap perencanaan.
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Indonesia's digital government transformation faces fragmentation from silo effects and a lack of inter-agency data integration. Although Presidential Regulation Number 132 of 2022 established prescriptive standards, local government SPBE planning documents vary considerably, from inconsistent nomenclature to substantive discrepancies that hinder national service integration. Prior studies have largely focused on downstream user-satisfaction evaluation, while the quality of upstream planning, the starting point of local SPBE implementation, has received little scrutiny. This study aims to identify the structural completeness of SPBE planning documents, analyze patterns of substantive similarity and difference, and map their alignment against Minister of PANRB Regulation 59/2020. Using quantified qualitative content analysis, whereby coded verbatim excerpts are quantified and analyzed statistically, the study examines 52 local government SPBE Architecture and Roadmap documents (3 provinces, 33 regencies, 16 cities) published online, assessing planning quality rather than field implementation. The analysis yielded 2,184 evaluation units under a 42-indicator coding scheme consolidated from PANRB Regulation 59/2020's 47 indicators. Six independent external coders performed the coding; agreement on indicator presence was high (97.53%), while substantive-depth ratings diverged widely at first. All 1,334 disagreements were resolved through a consensus reconciliation forum, with 301 reaching new values, so the final dataset rests on evidence-based agreement. The results show high formal indicator presence (98.6%), yet reveal a downstream bias, with service-related aspects elaborated in far greater detail than internal governance. K-Means clustering identified three maturity levels: 29 regions with high depth, 21 medium, and 2 low. Variance decomposition shows depth differences relate more to regional characteristics than to indicator type. Although the Pearson correlation between substantive depth and standard compliance is strong (r=0.77), negative gap scores and verbatim evidence reveal a gap between formal compliance and substantive elaboration, particularly in the SPBE Management Domain, where several documents openly admit the relevant component had not yet been carried out. These findings underscore the need for asymmetrical intervention to strengthen the SPBE Management Domain (Application of SPBE Management), the Internal SPBE Policy Domain, and the ICT Audit Aspect, which recorded the lowest elaboration scores. The study recommends the central government provide operational regulatory templates for risk management, knowledge management, and ICT auditing, while local governments channel annual SPBE evaluation results directly into revisions of short-term planning documents, such as annual work plans, rather than waiting for the five-yearly RPJMD cycle, documenting each follow-up action, for instance via review minutes, as concrete evidence that evaluation genuinely improves planning.
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