Fanani, Alex Zainul (2026) Sintesa Nanosilika untuk Nanofertilizer dari Produk Samping Silika Pabrik Aluminium Fluorida (AlF3) di PT Petrokimia Gresik. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Optimalisasi pemanfaatan produk samping industri merupakan strategi penting dalam mewujudkan konsep zero waste dan keberlanjutan. PT Petrokimia Gresik memproduksi aluminium fluorida (AlF3) melalui wet process, mereaksikan asam fluorosilikat (H2SiF6) dari pabrik asam fosfat dengan aluminium hidroksida Al(OH)3, menghasilkan 12.600 ton AlF3 dan produk samping silika (SiO2) sekitar 8.541 ton per tahun. Saat ini SiO2 hanya dimanfaatkan sebagai aditif pengendalian kristal gipsum, padahal berpotensi dikembangkan menjadi nanosilika bernilai tambah tinggi sebagai nanofertilizer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengonversi produk samping silika hasil pabrik AlF3 menjadi nanosilika dengan metode presipitasi yang sederhana dan efisien. Rangkaian proses yang dilakukan meliputi pemurnian awal SiO2 menggunakan larutan HCl untuk menghilangkan pengotor logam, pembuatan larutan natrium silikat dan kalium silikat melalui pelarutan SiO2 dengan NaOH atau KOH, serta presipitasi menggunakan HCl dan H2SO4 pada pH terkontrol. Variabel penelitian meliputi jenis asam yang digunakan, konsentrasi larutan asam, dan metode penambahan larutan selama proses presipitasi. Produk nanosilika yang dihasilkan selanjutnya dikarakterisasi dengan SEM untuk ukuran dan morfologi partikel, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) untuk mengetahui distribusi ukuran, zeta potensial untuk mengevaluasi stabilitas koloid, serta analisa gravimetri untuk menentukan efisiensi presipitasi. Didapatkan nanosilika dengan ukuran 10-100 nm dengan PDI < 0,2 pada konsentrasi asam 0,05 N. Pengujian zeta potensial didapatkan -19,27 hingga -27,05 mV pada konsentrasi asam 0,05 N. Efisiensi (yield) proses presipitasi berkisar 92,46–95,34%, dan pengaruh gabungan konsentrasi asam serta laju penambahan asam terhadap ukuran partikel dapat dimodelkan secara empiris melalui persamaan hukum-pangkat dengan koefisien determinasi R² sebesar 0,80–0,96. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan potensi besar nanosilika berbasis limbah industri sebagai nanofertilizer ramah lingkungan yang mampu meningkatkan nilai tambah produk samping AlF3. Penelitian ini diharapkan mendukung diversifikasi produk di PT Petrokimia Gresik, pemanfaatan limbah industri menuju zero waste, dan peningkatan daya saing industri kimia nasional melalui pendekatan green chemistry.
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Optimizing by-product utilization is a key strategy for realizing zero waste and sustainability. PT Petrokimia Gresik produces aluminum fluoride (AlF3) via a wet process, reacting hydrofluorosilicic acid (H2SiF6) from the phosphoric acid plant with aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3), yielding about 12,600 tons of AlF3 and roughly 8,541 tons of silica (SiO2) by-product per year. Currently SiO2 is only used as an additive in gypsum crystal control, despite its potential as a high-value nanosilica for nanofertilizer applications. This study aims to convert silica by-product from the AlF3 plant into nanosilica using a simple and efficient precipitation method. The process consists of initial SiO2 purification using HCl solution to remove metallic impurities, preparation of sodium silicate and potassium silicate solutions through SiO2 dissolution using NaOH or KOH, followed by precipitation using HCl and H2SO4 under controlled pH conditions. The research variables include the type of acid used, acid solution concentration, and the method of acid addition during the precipitation process. The resulting nanosilica products were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to determine particle size and morphology, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) to analyze particle size distribution, zeta potential analysis to evaluate colloidal stability, and gravimetric analysis to determine precipitation efficiency. The obtained nanosilica exhibited particle sizes ranging from 10-100 nm with a PDI value below 0.2 at an acid concentration of 0.05 N. Zeta potential analysis showed values ranging from -19.27 to -27.05 mV at an acid concentration of 0.05 N. The precipitation yield (efficiency) ranged from 92.46–95.34%, and the combined effect of acid concentration and acid addition rate on particle size could be described empirically by a power-law model with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.80–0.96. The results indicate the significant potential of industrial waste-derived nanosilica as an environmentally friendly nanofertilizer capable of increasing the added value of AlF3 by-products. This research is expected to support product diversification at PT Petrokimia Gresik, industrial waste utilization toward zero waste, and the competitiveness of the national chemical industry through a green chemistry approach.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | nanofertilizer, nanosilika, pemurnian silika, Petrokimia Gresik, presipitasi, nanosilica, precipitation, PT Petrokimia Gresik, silica purification |
| Subjects: | S Agriculture > S Agriculture (General) > S633.5 Fertilizers |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Chemical Engineering > 24101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Alex Zainul Fanani |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Aug 2026 15:32 |
| Last Modified: | 02 Aug 2026 15:32 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142002 |
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