Pengaruh Jenis Akselerator Berbasis Kalsium Terhadap Kinerja Batu Bata Non-Bakar Dengan Curing Oven

Sujono, Surya Mahendra Putra (2026) Pengaruh Jenis Akselerator Berbasis Kalsium Terhadap Kinerja Batu Bata Non-Bakar Dengan Curing Oven. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kebutuhan material konstruksi yang terus meningkat mendorong pengembangan batu bata non-bakar sebagai alternatif yang lebih hemat energi dan menghasilkan emisi karbon lebih rendah dibanding batu bata konvensional hasil pembakaran. Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh penambahan akselerator non-klorida berbasis kalsium, yaitu kalsium nitrat (Ca(NO₃)₂), kalsium format (Ca(HCOO)₂), dan kalsium karbonat (CaCO₃), masing-masing pada dosis 3%, terhadap kinerja batu bata non-bakar yang dirawat menggunakan metode curing oven pada temperatur 70°C selama 48 jam, dengan benda uji berdimensi 23 x 11 x 5,5 cm. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan akselerator memberikan pengaruh yang bervariasi terhadap sifat fisik dan mekanik batu bata. Pada parameter kuat tekan, BTB-C (kalsium karbonat) mencatat nilai tertinggi di seluruh umur pengujian, yaitu 4,16 MPa (3 hari), 4,66 MPa (7 hari), dan 4,05 MPa (28 hari), diikuti oleh BTB-O, BTB-N, dan BTB-F sebagai yang terendah, meskipun seluruh variasi belum mencapai target kelas mutu 100 (10 MPa) sesuai SNI 15-2094-2000. Pada parameter penyerapan air umur 28 hari, BTB-N (kalsium nitrat) menunjukkan performa terbaik dengan rata-rata 8,22%, sedangkan BTB-C tertinggi sebesar 15,27%. Sebagian besar benda uji memenuhi batas maksimum SNI sebesar 20%, meskipun terdapat sampel individual yang melebihi batas tersebut sehingga tingkat kelulusan tidak 100%. Untuk karakteristik fisik lainnya, seluruh benda uji memenuhi kriteria bentuk prisma segi empat dan bunyi nyaring (100%), 75% benda uji memenuhi toleransi dimensi SNI, dan seluruh variasi menunjukkan kadar garam 0,00% sehingga dikategorikan tidak berbahaya. Berdasarkan keseluruhan parameter pengujian, tidak terdapat satu jenis akselerator yang unggul secara mutlak pada seluruh parameter. BTB-C unggul pada kuat tekan, BTB-N unggul pada penyerapan air, dan BTB-F unggul pada ketahanan retak. Dengan mempertimbangkan kuat tekan sebagai parameter mekanik utama, kalsium karbonat (CaCO₃) menghasilkan rata-rata kuat tekan tertinggi pada kondisi penelitian ini. Namun, perbedaannya terhadap kontrol (BTB-O) masih perlu dikonfirmasi melalui analisis statistik, dan seluruh variasi belum mencapai target kuat tekan 10 MPa, sehingga hasil ini lebih tepat diposisikan sebagai dasar optimasi lanjutan, bukan sebagai produk bata siap diaplikasikan.
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The increasing demand for construction materials has encouraged the development of non-fired bricks as a more energy-efficient alternative that produces lower carbon emissions compared to conventional fired bricks. This research examines the effect of adding non-chloride calcium-based accelerators, namely calcium nitrate (Ca(NO₃)₂), calcium formate (Ca(HCOO)₂), and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), each at a dose of 3%, on the performance of non-fired bricks cured using the oven curing method at a temperature of 70°C for 48 hours, with specimens measuring 23 x 11 x 5.5 cm. The test results show that the addition of accelerators produced varying effects on the physical and mechanical properties of the bricks. For compressive strength, BTB-C (calcium carbonate) recorded the highest value at all testing ages, namely 4.16 MPa (3 days), 4.66 MPa (7 days), and 4.05 MPa (28 days), followed by BTB-O, BTB-N, and BTB-F as the lowest, although none of the variations reached the target quality class 100 (10 MPa) as required by SNI 15-2094-2000. For water absorption at 28 days, BTB-N (calcium nitrate) showed the best performance with an average of 8.22%, while BTB-C recorded the highest at 15.27%; all variations remained within the SNI maximum limit of 20%. For other physical characteristics, all specimens met the criteria for rectangular prism shape and clear ringing sound (100%), 75% of specimens met the SNI dimensional tolerance, and all variations showed a salt content of 0.00%, categorized as non-hazardous. Based on the overall test parameters, no single type of accelerator was superior across all parameters; BTB-C excelled in compressive strength, BTB-N excelled in water absorption, and BTB-F excelled in crack resistance. Considering compressive strength as the primary mechanical parameter, calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) produced the highest average compressive strength under the conditions of this study. However, its difference from the control (BTB-O) still needs to be confirmed through statistical analysis, and none of the variations reached the 10 MPa target, so the results are better positioned as a basis for further optimization rather than as a ready-to-use brick product.

Item Type:	Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	batu bata non-bakar, curing oven, kalsium nitrat, kalsium format, kalsium karbonat, kuat tekan, penyerapan air.non-fired bricks, oven curing, calcium nitrate, calcium formate, calcium carbonate, compressive strength, water absorption.
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA418.16 Materials--Testing. T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA441 Aggregates T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA455.S6 Soil (Materials of engineering and construction)
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 22301-Civil Infrastructure Engineering (D4)
Depositing User:	Surya Mahendra Putra Sujono
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2026 02:54
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 02:54
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142008

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