Optimasi Desain Geometris Bilah Horizontal Axis Tidal Current Turbine Kapasitas 1 kW Untuk Perairan Indonesia

Prasetyo, Arya Rizky (2026) Optimasi Desain Geometris Bilah Horizontal Axis Tidal Current Turbine Kapasitas 1 kW Untuk Perairan Indonesia. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kebutuhan energi listrik di wilayah kepulauan dan pesisir Indonesia yang belum terjangkau jaringan listrik nasional mendorong pemanfaatan energi arus laut sebagai sumber energi terbarukan melalui Horizontal Axis Tidal Current Turbine (HATCT). Penelitian ini menentukan desain bilah HATCT optimal untuk memenuhi target daya 1 kW dengan batasan diameter rotor tertentu dan torsi generator yang memadai, serta mengkaji pengaruh jumlah bilah dan tip speed ratio (TSR) terhadap kinerja dan torsi bilah, dievaluasi pada dua kondisi kecepatan arus: 2,48 m/s (kecepatan arus desain) dan 1,5 m/s (kecepatan arus pembanding yang lebih konservatif). Metode yang digunakan meliputi perancangan geometri bilah berbasis Blade Element Momentum Theory dengan pendekatan Schmitz menggunakan profil airfoil NACA 4412, pada variasi TSR (4, 5, 6) dan jumlah bilah (2, 3, 4), dengan diameter rotor 1,64 m. Torsi rotor divalidasi melalui simulasi Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model turbulensi k-ω SST setelah studi independensi mesh. Kelayakan sistem dievaluasi lebih lanjut melalui analisis rotor-generator matching dan cut-in speed terhadap kurva torsi resistif sebuah Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG), dengan transmisi planetary gearbox rasio 1:27. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konfigurasi TSR = 4 dengan N = 4 bilah sebagai desain optimal, menghasilkan daya 1,164 kW dan torsi setara generator 17,372 Nm pada titik operasi rated (600 RPM generator) pada V = 2,48 m/s — melampaui target 1 kW dengan margin torsi terbesar (Δτ = +1,455 Nm) di antara seluruh kombinasi, serta tetap positif hingga mendekati putaran rated (600 RPM). Pada V = 1,5 m/s, meski daya rotor tetap melampaui 1 kW pada RPM tertinggi, torsi yang dihasilkan tidak pernah mencukupi kebutuhan torsi generator pada seluruh rentang RPM, sehingga cut-in tidak tercapai. Penambahan jumlah bilah meningkatkan torsi dan daya, sedangkan peningkatan TSR menurunkannya, sehingga TSR = 5 dan TSR = 6 gagal memenuhi target daya maupun cut-in pada kedua kecepatan arus. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa kecepatan arus aktual jauh lebih dominan dibandingkan variasi desain bilah dalam menentukan keandalan operasional sistem.
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Electricity demand in Indonesia's archipelagic and coastal regions unreached by the national grid drives the utilization of tidal current energy as a sustainable renewable source through a Horizontal Axis Tidal Current Turbine (HATCT). This research determines the optimal HATCT blade design to meet a 1 kW power target under a specified rotor diameter constraint and adequate generator torque, and examines how blade number and tip speed ratio (TSR) affect blade performance and torque, evaluated at two current velocities: 2.48 m/s (design velocity) and 1.5 m/s (a more conservative comparison velocity). The method includes blade geometry design based on Blade Element Momentum Theory with the Schmitz approach using a NACA 4412 airfoil, across TSR variations (4, 5, 6) and blade number variations (2, 3, 4), with a 1.64 m rotor diameter. Rotor torque was validated through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation using the k-ω SST turbulence model following a mesh independence study. System feasibility was further evaluated through rotor-generator matching and cut-in speed analysis against the resistive torque curve of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG), connected via a 1:27 planetary gearbox. Results show the TSR = 4 configuration with N = 4 blades as the optimal design, producing 1.164 kW power and 17.372 Nm generator-equivalent torque at the rated operating point (600 RPM generator) at V = 2.48 m/s — exceeding the 1 kW target with the largest torque margin (Δτ = +1.455 Nm) among all combinations, remaining positive up to near rated speed (600 RPM). At V = 1.5 m/s, although rotor power still exceeded 1 kW at the highest tested RPM, the resulting torque never met the generator's requirement across the tested RPM range, so cut-in was not achieved. Increasing blade number raised torque and power, while increasing TSR reduced both, causing TSR = 5 and TSR = 6 to fail both criteria at both velocities. These findings confirm that actual current velocity is far more dominant than blade design variation in determining the system's operational reliability.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Cut-In Speed, Energi Arus Laut, Horizontal Axis Tidal Current Turbine, Rotor-Generator Matching, Tip Speed Ratio ======================================================================================================================== Cut-In Speed, Horizontal Axis Tidal Current Turbine, Rotor-Generator Matching, Tidal Current Energy, Tip Speed Ratio
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.62 Simulation T Technology > TC Hydraulic engineering. Ocean engineering > TC147 Ocean wave power. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ1058 Rotors T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting.
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Arya Rizky Prasetyo
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2026 05:27
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 05:27
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142023

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