Analisis Pengaruh Variasi Rasio Penambahan Asetin dari Gliserol terhadap Nilai Kalor

Zahroh, Putri Latifatus (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Variasi Rasio Penambahan Asetin dari Gliserol terhadap Nilai Kalor. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

Text 5004221012-Undergraduate-Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (2MB) | Request a copy

Abstract

Peningkatan produksi biodiesel sebagai alternatif bahan bakar fosil menghasilkan gliserol sebagai produk samping sekitar 10% berat dari total biodiesel. Akumulasi gliserol menurunkan nilai ekonomi proses produksi biodiesel dan pemanfaatannya secara langsung sebagai bahan bakar terbatas karena viskositas dan titik didih yang tinggi serta nilai kalor yang rendah. Salah satu upaya peningkatan nilai tambah gliserol adalah mengonversinya menjadi asetin melalui reaksi transesterifikasi dengan etil asetat menggunakan katalis asam sulfat, sehingga dihasilkan monoasetin, diasetin, dan triasetin yang berpotensi digunakan sebagai bioaditif pada biodiesel. Penelitian ini bertujuan mensintesis asetin dari gliserol melalui reaksi transesterifikasi menggunakan etil asetat dengan rasio molar 1:10 dan katalis H₂SO₄ 10% pada suhu 78°C selama 12 jam, serta menganalisis pengaruh penambahan asetin terhadap sifat fisikokimia biodiesel B100 pada konsentrasi 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, dan 8% (v/v). Parameter yang diuji meliputi nilai kalor, densitas, dan viskositas kinematik, sedangkan karakterisasi produk dilakukan menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dan kromatografi gas-spektrometri massa (KG-SM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen asetin sebesar 75,46% dengan komposisi produk didominasi oleh diasetin sebesar 78,59%, diikuti triasetin sebesar 11,8% dan monoasetin sebesar 9,6%. Penambahan asetin memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap karakteristik biodiesel. Nilai kalor menunjukkan penurunan yang konsisten pada konsentrasi variasi konsentrasi 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% dan 8%(v/v). Densitas meningkat secara konsisten dari 0,8581 g/cm³ menjadi 0,8672 g/cm³, sedangkan viskositas kinematik menurun dari 3,4608 mm²/s menjadi 3,0134 mm²/s seiring bertambahnya konsentrasi asetin. Peningkatan densitas dipengaruhi oleh tingginya densitas intrinsik diasetin dan interaksi antarmolekul, sedangkan penurunan viskositas disebabkan oleh struktur diasetin yang memiliki rantai karbon lebih pendek dibandingkan FAME. Seluruh nilai densitas dan viskositas kinematik memenuhi persyaratan SNI 7182:2015.
==================================================================================================================================
The increasing production of biodiesel as an alternative to fossil fuels generates glycerol as a by-product at approximately 10 wt.% of the total biodiesel produced. The accumulation of glycerol reduces the economic value of biodiesel production, while its direct utilization as a fuel is limited due to its high viscosity, high boiling point, and low calorific value. One approach to increase the added value of glycerol is its conversion into acetins through transesterification with ethyl acetate using sulfuric acid as a catalyst, producing monoacetin, diacetin, and triacetin that have potential applications as biodiesel bioadditives. This study aimed to synthesize acetins from glycerol through transesterification using ethyl acetate (molar ratio of 1:10) and 10% H₂SO₄ catalyst at 78°C for 12 h, and to investigate the effect of acetin addition on the physicochemical properties of B100 biodiesel at concentrations of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% (v/v). The evaluated parameters included calorific value, density, and kinematic viscosity, while the synthesized products were characterized using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the acetin synthesis achieved a yield of 75.46%, with the product composition dominated by diacetin (78.59%), followed by triacetin (11.8%) and monoacetin (9.6%). The addition of acetins affected the biodiesel characteristics differently. The calorific value consistently decreased as the acetin concentration increased from 0% to 8% (v/v). The density increased consistently from 0.8581 g/cm³ to 0.8672 g/cm³, whereas the kinematic viscosity decreased from 3.4608 mm²/s to 3.0134 mm²/s with increasing acetin concentration. The increase in density was attributed to the higher intrinsic density of diacetin and intermolecular interactions, while the decrease in viscosity was associated with the shorter carbon chain structure of diacetin compared to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). All density and kinematic viscosity values complied with the requirements of SNI 7182:2015

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Asetin, Bioaditif, Biodiesel B100, Transesterifikasi, Diasetin, Acetins, Bioadditive, B100 biodiesel, diacetin, transesterification
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD251.2 Chemistry, Organic. Biochemistry
Divisions:	Faculty of Natural Science > Chemistry > 47201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Putri Latifatus Zahroh
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2026 03:25
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 03:25
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142067

Actions (login required)

View Item