Bachrudin, Shofin Helmi (2026) Analisis Skenario Penyediaan Daya Listrik Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) Singhasari Dari Dua Gardu Induk. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pertumbuhan Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) Singhasari sebagai pusat industri digital, pendidikan, teknologi, pariwisata kreatif, dan ekonomi berbasis inovasi memerlukan sistem penyediaan daya listrik yang andal, efisien, dan berkelanjutan. Kebutuhan daya kawasan bersifat heterogen, berkembang bertahap, dan tersebar sesuai fungsi zona dan fase pengembangan. Berdasarkan Rencana Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik (RUPTL) 2021 - 2030, daya listrik yang dibutuhkan sekitar 10MW dan pasokan listrik direncanakan dari Gardu Induk Lawang dan Gardu Induk Sengkaling sehingga terdapat tiga skenario: Gardu Induk Lawang, Gardu Induk Sengkaling, dan integrasi keduanya Penelitian ini bertujuan merepresentasikan kebutuhan daya dengan melengkapi pendekatan agregat konvensional melalui representasi spasial seperti pada perencanaan terdahulu, menganalisis tiga skenario, dan menyusun rekomendasi sebagai dasar pengambilan keputusan. Estimasi kebutuhan daya dilakukan berdasarkan zonasi, luas lahan, jenis aktivitas, koefisien intensitas, dan fase pengembangan. Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) digunakan untuk memetakan distribusi dan konsentrasi kebutuhan daya. Setiap skenario dibandingkan berdasarkan kebutuhan transformator, biaya investasi, Energy Not Supplied (ENS), losses energi, emisi karbon, dan opportunity cost. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan total kebutuhan daya secara spasial sebesar 21,32 MW dengan kebutuhan 150 unit transformator distribusi 200 kVA. Biaya investasi Gardu Induk Lawang, Gardu Induk Sengkaling, dan integrasi adalah Rp32,38 miliar, Rp33,83 miliar, dan Rp37,72 miliar. Losses energi pada skenario terintegrasi diperkirakan 8.375 MWh per tahun dengan nilai ekonomi Rp8,14 miliar per tahun, sedangkan emisi sistem mencapai 145.397 ton CO₂ per tahun. Hasil rekapitulasi dan perbandingan menunjukkan bahwa skenario Gardu Induk Lawang direkomendasikan untuk fase awal hingga fase ketiga karena lebih efisien dalam investasi dan penyaluran. Pada fase keempat, integrasi kedua Gardu Induk lebih sesuai karena meningkatkan fleksibilitas, keandalan, dan kesiapan menghadapi pertumbuhan beban. Kebaruan penelitian terletak pada integrasi estimasi daya berbasis zonasi dan fase pengembangan, representasi spasial KDE, serta perbandingan skenario berdasarkan indikator teknis, ekonomi, keandalan, dan lingkungan. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar bagi PT PLN (Persero), pengelola Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) Singhasari, dan pemangku kepentingan dalam merencanakan penyediaan daya listrik secara bertahap. Pendekatan ini juga sejalan dengan arah Transformasi PLN 2.0, implementasi Digital Moonshot, dan konsep Smart System Planning yang menekankan digitalisasi proses perencanaan, efisiensi sistem, keandalan pasokan, serta keberlanjutan energi.
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The development of the Singhasari Special Economic Zone (SEZ) as a center for digital industries, education, technology, creative tourism, and innovation-based economic activities requires a reliable, efficient, and sustainable electricity supply system. Electricity demand within the area is heterogeneous, develops progressively, and is spatially distributed according to land-use functions and development phases. According to the Electricity Supply Business Plan (RUPTL) 2021-2030, the electricity demand for the area is estimated at approximately 10 MW, with the planned supply originating from the Lawang Substation and the Sengkaling Substation. This condition results in three electricity supply scenarios: supply from the Lawang Substation, supply from the Sengkaling Substation, and an integrated configuration of both substations. This study aims to represent electricity demand spatially, rather than relying solely on the conventional aggregate approach used in previous planning practices, analyze the three supply scenarios, and formulate recommendations to support decision-making. Electricity demand was estimated based on zoning, land area, activity type, demand intensity coefficients, and development phases. Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) was applied to map the spatial distribution and concentration of electricity demand. Each scenario was compared based on transformer requirements, investment costs, Energy Not Supplied (ENS), energy losses, carbon emissions, and opportunity cost. The results indicate that the spatially estimated total electricity demand reaches 21.32 MW, requiring 150 distribution transformers, each with a rated capacity of 200 kVA. The estimated investment costs for the Lawang Substation, Sengkaling Substation, and integrated scenarios are IDR 32.38 billion, IDR 33.83 billion, and IDR 37.72 billion, respectively. Energy losses are estimated at 8,375 MWh per year, corresponding to an economic value of IDR 8.14 billion per year, while total system-related emissions are estimated at 145,397 tonnes of CO₂ per year. The consolidated results and comparative analysis indicate that the Lawang Substation scenario is recommended for the initial development phase through the third phase because it offers greater investment and electricity delivery efficiency. In the fourth phase, the integrated Lawang–Sengkaling Substation configuration is considered more appropriate because it improves operational flexibility, supply reliability, and system readiness to accommodate future load growth. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of zoning- and development-phase-based electricity demand estimation, spatial representation using KDE, and comparative scenario analysis based on measurable technical, economic, reliability, and environmental indicators. The findings are expected to provide an analytical basis for PT PLN (Persero), the management of the Singhasari SEZ, and relevant stakeholders in planning the gradual development of electricity supply infrastructure. This approach is also aligned with PLN Transformation 2.0, the implementation of the Digital Moonshot, and the Smart System Planning concept, which emphasize the digitalization of planning processes, system efficiency, supply reliability, and energy sustainability.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Kawasan Ekonomi Khusus (KEK) Singhasari, Kernel Density Estimation (KDE), Skenario Penyediaan Daya, Singhasari Special Economic Zone, Kernel Density Estimation, electricity supply scenario. |
| Subjects: | T Technology > T Technology (General) > T58.62 Decision support systems |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Industrial Engineering > 26101-(S2) Master Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Shofin Helmi Bachrudin |
| Date Deposited: | 31 Jul 2026 07:51 |
| Last Modified: | 31 Jul 2026 07:51 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142072 |
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