Penentuan Karateristik Bahan Bakar Berdasarkan Analisis Spektrum FTIR ATR Menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

Achmad, Irfan Alfirosa (2026) Penentuan Karateristik Bahan Bakar Berdasarkan Analisis Spektrum FTIR ATR Menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kebutuhan energi yang terus meningkat mendorong pengembangan bahan bakar alternatif berbasis biomassa, salah satunya melalui pirolisis katalitik biodiesel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi produk cair hasil pirolisis katalitik biodiesel campuran minyak kemiri (B100) dan biosolar (B40) menggunakan katalis HZSM-5, serta menentukan kemiripan karakteristiknya terhadap bahan bakar komersial melalui analisis spektrum FTIR-ATR berbasis Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Katalis HZSM-5 dikarakterisasi menggunakan FESEM-EDS, XRD, FTIR, NH₃-TPD, dan TGA, yang mengkonfirmasi struktur kerangka MFI dengan situs asam Brønsted aktif dan stabilitas termal baik hingga 500°C. Proses pirolisis dilakukan pada suhu 350-370°C selama 90 menit dengan variasi kadar katalis 0%, 2,5%, dan 5%. Penggunaan katalis HZSM-5 meningkatkan yield produk cair dari 31% menjadi 41% seiring bertambahnya kadar katalis, dengan nilai kalor tertinggi sebesar 10.160,99 cal/g pada kadar katalis 5%. Karakterisasi fisikokimia menunjukkan densitas 0,83-0,84 g/cm³, viskositas 1,28-1,44 cSt, dan titik nyala 58-63°C. Analisis GC-MS mengkonfirmasi dominasi fraksi diesel (C17-C20) yang mencapai 61,79% pada penggunaan HZSM-5 2,5%. Hasil analisis PCA terhadap spektrum FTIR-ATR dengan PC1 dan PC2 merepresentasikan 99,9% total variasi data menunjukkan bahwa produk pirolisis berkluster berdekatan dengan biosolar dan elips konfidenesi keduanya saling bertumpang tindih, yang mengindikasikan kemiripan karakteristik gugus fungsi hidrokarbon yang tinggi. Dengan demikian, produk cair pirolisis katalitik biodiesel minyak kemiri dan biosolar berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan bakar substitusi biosolar setelah melalui proses pemurnian lebih lanjut.
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The increasing demand for energy has driven the development of biomass-based alternative fuels, one of which is produced through the catalytic pyrolysis of biodiesel. This study aims to characterize the liquid products obtained from the catalytic pyrolysis of a biodiesel blend consisting of candlenut oil biodiesel (B100) and biodiesel-diesel blend (B40) using an HZSM-5 catalyst, and to evaluate their similarity to commercial diesel fuel based on FTIR-ATR spectral analysis combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The HZSM-5 catalyst was characterized using FESEM-EDS, XRD, FTIR, NH₃-TPD, and TGA, confirming the presence of the MFI framework structure with active Brønsted acid sites and good thermal stability up to 500°C. Catalytic pyrolysis was conducted at 350–370°C for 90 minutes with catalyst loadings of 0%, 2.5%, and 5%. The use of the HZSM-5 catalyst increased the liquid product yield from 31% to 41% as the catalyst loading increased, with the highest heating value of 10,160.99 cal/g obtained at a catalyst loading of 5%. Physicochemical characterization showed a density of 0.83–0.84 g/cm³, a viscosity of 1.28–1.44 cSt, and a flash point of 58–63°C. GC-MS analysis confirmed the predominance of the diesel-range fraction (C17–C20), reaching 61.79% when 2.5% HZSM-5 catalyst was used. PCA of the FTIR-ATR spectra revealed that PC1 and PC2 accounted for 99.9% of the total data variance. The pyrolysis products formed clusters in close proximity to commercial biodiesel-diesel blend (B40), with overlapping confidence ellipses, indicating a high degree of similarity in hydrocarbon functional group characteristics. Therefore, the liquid products derived from the catalytic pyrolysis of the candlenut oil biodiesel and B40 blend have promising potential as a substitute for commercial biodiesel-diesel fuel, provided that further upgrading and purification processes are performed.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	pirolisis katalitik, biodiesel, HZSM-5, FTIR-ATR, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), bahan bakar diesel, Catalytic pyrolysis, biodiesel, HZSM-5, FTIR-ATR, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), diesel fuel
Subjects:	Q Science Q Science > QD Chemistry Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD281 Pyrolysis Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD501 Catalysis. Catalysts.
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Analytical Science and Chemical Instrumentation > 47203-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Irfan Alfirosa Achmad
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2026 04:43
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 04:45
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142128

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