Analisis Pengaruh Limbah Plastik PET dan Nanosilika Terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Mekanis Paving Block

Atha, Nadia Agni (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Limbah Plastik PET dan Nanosilika Terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Mekanis Paving Block. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Tingginya timbulan limbah plastik Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) serta meningkatnya kebutuhan material perkerasan mendorong pengembangan paving block berbasis material alternatif yang berkelanjutan. Pemanfaatan limbah PET sebagai fiber berpotensi mengurangi limbah plastik dan meningkatkan ketahanan retak, namun sifat hidrofobik PET menyebabkan ikatan dengan pasta semen menjadi kurang optimal. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menggunakan nanosilika sebagai substitusi sebagian semen untuk meningkatkan densitas matriks melalui reaksi pozzolanik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh penambahan limbah plastik PET dan nanosilika terhadap sifat fisik dan mekanis paving block serta mengevaluasi kesesuaiannya terhadap standar yang berlaku. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental mengacu pada SNI 03-0691-1996 dengan menggunakan semen OPC Tipe I, agregat halus, limbah PET sebesar 0,5% dari berat total paving, nanosilika HDK N20 sebesar 3% sebagai substitusi semen, air, dan superplastisizer 1% dari berat semen. Spesimen berukuran 210 × 105 × 60 mm dibuat sebanyak 32 benda uji pada setiap variasi dan dilakukan curing selama 7 dan 28 hari. Pengujian meliputi sifat tampak, kuat tekan berdasarkan ASTM C936, ketahanan aus, penyerapan air, ketahanan terhadap natrium sulfat, dan berat jenis berdasarkan SNI 03-0691-1996, kuat tarik belah berdasarkan BS EN 1338:2003, serta analisis mikrostruktur menggunakan SEM–EDS. Karakterisasi nanosilika dilakukan menggunakan XRF dan XRD untuk mengidentifikasi komposisi kimia dan fase kristalnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi kombinasi PET dan nanosilika (PPN) memberikan performa terbaik dengan kuat tekan 85,74 MPa, kuat tarik belah 5,13 MPa, penyerapan air 1,12%, dan ketahanan aus 0,0078 mm/menit. Seluruh variasi memenuhi persyaratan ASTM C936 untuk kuat tekan serta memenuhi persyaratan SNI 03-0691-1996 untuk sifat tampak, penyerapan air, ketahanan aus, dan ketahanan terhadap natrium sulfat. Pada pengujian kuat tarik belah berdasarkan BS EN 1338:2003, seluruh variasi memenuhi persyaratan kuat tarik belah minimum, sedangkan variasi nanosilika (PN) tidak memenuhi persyaratan failure plane dan nilai kuat tarik belah pada sebagian benda uji akibat dispersi nanosilika yang kurang homogen. Analisis SEM–EDS menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi PET dan nanosilika menghasilkan matriks yang lebih padat dan homogen. Dengan demikian, kombinasi limbah PET dan nanosilika berpotensi menghasilkan paving block limbah dengan xiii karakteristik fisik, mekanis, dan durabilitas yang baik apabila nanosilika didispersikan secara homogen.
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The increasing generation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste and the growing demand for sustainable pavement materials have encouraged the development of alternative paving block mixtures. Recycled PET fibers can reduce plastic waste and improve crack resistance, but their hydrophobic nature limits bonding with the cement matrix. To address this limitation, nanosilica was incorporated as a partial cement replacement to enhance matrix densification through pozzolanic reactions. This study investigated the effects of recycled PET fibers and nanosilica on the physical and mechanical properties of paving blocks and evaluated their compliance with relevant standards. An experimental program was conducted in accordance with SNI 03-0691-1996 using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) Type I, fine aggregate, recycled PET fibers (0.5% of total paving block weight), HDK N20 nanosilica (3% cement replacement), water, and a polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer (1% of cement weight). Paving block specimens (210 × 105 × 60 mm) were cured for 7 and 28 days and tested for visual appearance, compressive strength (ASTM C936), abrasion resistance, water absorption, sodium sulfate resistance, density (SNI 03-0691-1996), splitting tensile strength (BS EN 1338:2003), and microstructural characteristics using SEM–EDS. Nanosilica was further characterized by XRF and XRD analyses. The combined PET–nanosilica mixture (PPN) achieved the best overall performance, with a compressive strength of 85.74 MPa, splitting tensile strength of 5.13 MPa, water absorption of 1.12%, and abrasion resistance of 0.0078 mm/min. All mixtures satisfied the compressive strength requirement of ASTM C936 and complied with SNI 03-0691-1996 for visual appearance, water absorption, abrasion resistance, and sodium sulfate resistance. In splitting tensile strength tests, all mixtures met the minimum requirement of BS EN 1338:2003. However, the nanosilica-only mixture (PN) failed to satisfy the required failure plane and several specimens showed tensile strengths below the specified limit because of non-uniform nanosilica dispersion. SEM–EDS analysis confirmed that the combined use of PET fibers and nanosilica produced a denser and more homogeneous cement matrix than the control mixture. These findings demonstrate that combining recycled PET fibers with nanosilica is an effective strategy for producing sustainable paving blocks with improved physical, mechanical, and durability properties, provided that nanosilica is uniformly dispersed within the cement matrix..

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Paving block, Plastik PET, Nanosilika, Kuat tekan, Mutu tinggi, SDGS 9 - Industry, innovation and infrastructure.
Subjects:	T Technology > TH Building construction
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 22301-Civil Infrastructure Engineering (D4)
Depositing User:	Nadia Agni Atha
Date Deposited:	01 Aug 2026 07:58
Last Modified:	01 Aug 2026 07:58
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142181

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