Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Humanis: Arsitektur sebagai Integrasi Kesejahteraan dalam Sistem Kontrol yang Menekan

Shabila, Feby (2026) Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Humanis: Arsitektur sebagai Integrasi Kesejahteraan dalam Sistem Kontrol yang Menekan. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Teori Panopticism Michel Foucault dalam Discipline and Punish menegaskan bahwa instrumen kekuasaan bekerja melalui mekanisme pengawasan dan visibilitas konstan untuk membentuk perilaku, mengubah individu menjadi docile bodies yang tunduk pada sistem. Pemikiran ini didukung oleh Architectural Determinism yang menegaskan hubungan sebab-akibat antara konfigurasi spasial dan perilaku penghuni. Namun, menyadari risiko model kontrol kaku yang meniadakan kesejahteraan, penelitian ini mengintegrasikan prinsip PERMA untuk menilai desain yang menumbuhkan kesejahteraan psikologis. Pendekatan ini didukung oleh Contextualism yang menekankan bahwa makna dan keberhasilan arsitektur ditentukan oleh interaksinya dengan konteks fisik, sejarah, serta fungsi sosial yang melingkupinya. Kebutuhan akan keseimbangan ini mendesak dalam konteks Indonesia di mana lembaga pemasyarakatan seringkali terjebak dalam paradigma hukuman murni yang mewujud melalui ruang-ruang opresif dan minim stimulasi kesejahteraan. Oleh karena itu, rancangan Lembaga Pemasyarakatan ditawarkan sebagai solusi humanis yang menempatkan pemasyarakatan bukan sekadar ruang penahanan, melainkan ruang rehabilitasi dengan pendekatan well-being yang menyeimbangkan keamanan, kesehatan, martabat, serta kehidupan konstruktif bagi narapidana.
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Michel Foucault’s theory of Panopticism in Discipline and Punish asserts that instruments of power operate through mechanisms of surveillance and constant visibility to shape behavior, transforming individuals into "docile bodies" subordinate to the system. This concept is supported by Architectural Determinism, which posits a cause-and-effect relationship between spatial configuration and the behavior of inhabitants. However, recognizing the risks of rigid control models that neglect human flourishing, this research integrates the PERMA principles to evaluate designs that foster psychological well-being. This approach is further bolstered by Contextualism, which emphasizes that the meaning and success of architecture are determined by its interaction with the physical, historical, and social contexts that surround it. The need for such a balance is urgent within the Indonesian context, where correctional facilities are often trapped in a purely punitive paradigm, manifesting as oppressive spaces with minimal stimulation for well-being. Consequently, the proposed Humanist Correctional Facility is offered as a design solution that positions incarceration not merely as a space for detention, but as a rehabilitative medium. By adopting a well-being approach, the design seeks to reconcile security and control with health, dignity, and the pursuit of constructive living for inmates.

Item Type:	Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Kata kunci: Panopticism, Determinism, Correctional Facility, Rehabilitasi, Well-being ============================================================ ===================================================================== Keywords: Panopticism, Determinism, Correctional Facility, Rehabilitation, Well-being
Subjects:	N Fine Arts > NA Architecture > NA105 Historic preservation N Fine Arts > NA Architecture > NA2750 Architectural design.
Divisions:	Faculty of Architecture, Design, and Planning > Architecture > 23201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Feby Shabila
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2026 07:29
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 07:29
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142258

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