Struktur Komunitas Foraminifera Bentik Sebagai Indikator Kesehatan Terumbu Karang Berdasarkan FoRAM Index di Pulau Pagerungan Besar

Susanto, Aulia Malshevitianda (2026) Struktur Komunitas Foraminifera Bentik Sebagai Indikator Kesehatan Terumbu Karang Berdasarkan FoRAM Index di Pulau Pagerungan Besar. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Terumbu karang merupakan ekosistem laut tropis yang memiliki peran penting secara ekologis dan ekonomis, namun rentan terhadap tekanan akibat aktivitas antropogenik dan perubahan lingkungan. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kesehatan terumbu karang adalah FoRAM Index (FI) yang memanfaatkan foraminifera bentik sebagai bioindikator. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan struktur komunitas foraminifera bentik, menentukan nilai FI, serta menganalisis keterkaitan antara tutupan karang, kelompok fungsional foraminifera bentik, dan nilai FI di perairan Pulau Pagerungan Besar. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode purposive sampling pada 10 stasiun pengamatan. Sampel sedimen diambil pada lapisan permukaan sedalam 0–5 cm, sedangkan kondisi terumbu karang diamati menggunakan metode Line Intercept Transect (LIT). Analisis meliputi struktur komunitas foraminifera bentik, pengelompokan fungsional, persentase tutupan karang, FoRAM Index, serta analisis Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 27 spesies foraminifera bentik yang tergolong dalam 18 genus dan 13 famili. Kelompok symbiont-bearing mendominasi pada seluruh stasiun pengamatan dengan spesies dominan Neorotalia calcar, Amphistegina lobifera, Calcarina hispida, dan Calcarina spengleri. Nilai FoRAM Index berkisar antara 6,54–9,67, sedangkan persentase tutupan karang hidup berkisar antara 26,07–60,80% dengan kategori kondisi sedang hingga baik. Hasil analisis PCA menunjukkan bahwa tutupan karang, kelompok symbiont-bearing, dan nilai FI memiliki hubungan positif, sedangkan kelompok heterotrof menunjukkan hubungan yang berlawanan. Secara keseluruhan, perairan Pulau Pagerungan Besar masih memiliki kondisi yang kondusif bagi pertumbuhan dan pemulihan ekosistem terumbu karang, sehingga foraminifera bentik dan FoRAM Index dapat digunakan sebagai bioindikator yang efektif dalam menggambarkan kesehatan terumbu karang.
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Coral reefs are tropical marine ecosystems that play a crucial ecological and economic role, yet they are vulnerable to pressures from anthropogenic activities and environmental changes. One method that can be used to assess coral reef health is the FoRAM Index (FI), which utilizes benthic foraminifera as bioindicators. This study aims to describe the community structure of benthic foraminifera, determine FI values, and analyze the relationship between coral cover, functional groups of benthic foraminifera, and FI values in the waters around Pagerungan Besar Island. The study was conducted using purposive sampling at 10 observation stations. Sediment samples were collected from the surface layer at a depth of 0–5 cm, while coral reef conditions were observed using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method. The analysis included the structure of the benthic foraminifera community, functional grouping, percentage of coral cover, the FoRAM Index, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that 27 species of benthic foraminifera were identified, classified into 18 genera and 13 families. The symbiont-bearing group dominated at all observation stations, with the dominant species being Neorotalia calcar, Amphistegina lobifera, Calcarina hispida, and Calcarina spengleri. FoRAM Index values ranged from 6.54 to 9.67, while the percentage of live coral cover ranged from 26.07% to 60.80%, falling into the moderate to good condition categories. The results of the PCA analysis show that coral cover, the symbiont-bearing group, and the FI value are positively correlated, while the heterotrophic group shows an inverse relationship. Overall, the waters around Pagerungan Besar Island still provide conditions
conducive to the growth and recovery of the coral reef ecosystem, so benthic foraminifera and the FoRAM Index can be used as effective bioindicators to assess coral reef health.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	FoRAM Index, Foraminifera bentik, Kelompok fungsional, Terumbu karang,Tutupan karang, Benthic Foraminifera, Coral cover, Coral reefs, FoRAM Index, Functional groups
Subjects:	Q Science > QH Biology Q Science > QH Biology > QH541 Ecology Q Science > QH Biology > QH91.8.S64 Species diversity
Divisions:	Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Biology > 46201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Aulia Malshevitianda Susanto
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2026 06:53
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 06:53
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142304

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