Optimalisasi Jaringan Distribusi Dalam Penentuan Lokasi dan Kebutuhan Jumlah Gudang pada PLN Distribusi Jawa Tengah

Prasandha, Achmad Freddya Eka (2026) Optimalisasi Jaringan Distribusi Dalam Penentuan Lokasi dan Kebutuhan Jumlah Gudang pada PLN Distribusi Jawa Tengah. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Transformasi sektor ketenagalistrikan dan meningkatnya permintaan material distribusi mendorong pengelolaan jaringan distribusi gudang PLN menjadi semakin kompleks. Perbedaan kapasitas, biaya operasional, biaya transportasi, dan karakteristik gudang berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakefisienan, sehingga diperlukan evaluasi jaringan distribusi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memformulasikan model matematis untuk optimasi jaringan distribusi material setelah dilakukan evaluasi terhadap kondisi eksisting, analisis efektivitas lokasi gudang, serta penentuan jumlah gudang pada PLN UID Jawa Tengah dan D.I. Yogyakarta. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) dengan bantuan software LINGO. Model mengintegrasikan keputusan pembukaan atau penutupan gudang, kapasitas gudang, dan alokasi distribusi material. Data penelitian diperoleh dari SAP ERP PLN. Model diverifikasi, divalidasi, dan diuji menggunakan analisis sensitivitas terhadap perubahan kapasitas gudang, biaya operasional, biaya transportasi, dan demand material. Hasil model optimasi menunjukkan bahwa jumlah gudang yang dioperasikan dapat dikurangi sebesar 50%, dari 16 menjadi 8 gudang, dengan efisiensi total biaya distribusi sebesar 9,07% dibandingkan dengan kondisi eksisting. Efisiensi tersebut terutama berasal dari penurunan biaya investasi pembukaan gudang sebesar 50,78% dan biaya operasional sebesar 45,03%, meskipun biaya transportasi dari gudang PLN UP3 menuju PLN ULP meningkat sebesar 8,95% sebagai konsekuensi konsolidasi jaringan distribusi gudang. Analisis sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa demand material merupakan parameter paling berpengaruh, diikuti oleh kapasitas gudang, sedangkan biaya operasional memberikan pengaruh relatif kecil. Pada analisis dua parameter, kombinasi peningkatan kapasitas dan penurunan demand sebesar 50% menghasilkan biaya distribusi terendah dengan hanya membuka 4 dari 16 gudang, sedangkan kombinasi sebaliknya meningkatkan biaya paling besar dengan membuka 13 dari 16 gudang. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan MILP efektif menghasilkan jaringan distribusi gudang yang efisien dan robust sebagai salah satu dasar pengambilan keputusan strategis distribusi material PLN.
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The transformation of the electricity sector and the growing demand for distribution materials have increased the complexity of managing PLN's warehouse distribution network. Differences in warehouse capacity, operating costs, transportation costs, and warehouse characteristics may lead to inefficiencies, highlighting the need to evaluate the existing distribution network. This study aims to formulate a mathematical model for material distribution network optimization following an evaluation of the existing conditions, an assessment of warehouse location effectiveness, and the determination of the optimal number of warehouses in PLN UID Central Java and the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The study employs a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) approach solved using LINGO software. The proposed model integrates warehouse opening and closing decisions, warehouse capacity, and material distribution allocation. Research data were obtained from the PLN SAP ERP system. The model was verified, validated, and tested through sensitivity analysis considering changes in warehouse capacity, operating costs, transportation costs, and material demand. The optimization results indicate that the number of operating warehouses can be reduced by 50%, from 16 to 8 warehouses, resulting in a 9.07% reduction in total distribution costs compared with the existing network. This cost saving is primarily attributed to a 50.78% reduction in warehouse investment costs and a 45.03% reduction in operating costs, although transportation costs from PLN UP3 warehouses to PLN ULP service units increased by 8.95% as a consequence of warehouse network consolidation. Sensitivity analysis reveals that material demand is the most influential parameter, followed by warehouse capacity, while operating costs have a relatively minor impact. In the two-parameter sensitivity analysis, a 50% increase in warehouse capacity combined with a 50% decrease in material demand produced the lowest distribution cost by operating only 4 of the 16 warehouses, whereas the opposite scenario resulted in the highest distribution cost, requiring 13 of the 16 warehouses to remain operational. These findings demonstrate that the MILP approach is effective in developing an efficient and robust warehouse distribution network to support strategic decision-making for PLN's material distribution.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Optimasi Jaringan Distribusi Gudang, Distribusi Material, Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP), Analisis Sensitivitas, Warehouse Distribution Network Optimization, Material Distribution, Sensitivity Analysis, PLN
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.6 Operations research--Mathematics. Goal programming T Technology > T Technology (General) > T57.74 Linear programming
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Industrial Engineering > 26101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Achmad Freddya Eka Prasandha
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2026 07:44
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 07:44
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142321

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