Barani, Shafa (2026) Pengolahan Limbah Pemurnian Emas menggunakan Karbon Aktif dari Limbah Plastik Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET): Optimasi dengan Box-Behnken Design Response Surface Methodology (BBD-RSM). Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pencemaran logam berat dan peningkatan limbah plastik polyethylene terephthalate (PET) menjadi permasalahan lingkungan yang memerlukan solusi berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis karbon aktif berbasis limbah PET sebagai adsorben dalam menurunkan konsentrasi ion Cu²⁺ dan Zn²⁺, menentukan kondisi optimum adsorpsi menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan rancangan Box–Behnken Design (BBD), serta mengaplikasikannya pada sampel asli limbah pemurnian emas. Karbon aktif disintesis melalui proses karbonisasi dan aktivasi kimia menggunakan KOH, kemudian dikarakterisasi menggunakan SEM, FTIR, dan XRD. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa karbon aktif memiliki gugus fungsi aktif (–OH, C–H, C=C, dan C–O), struktur permukaan berpori, serta bersifat amorf dengan kristalinitas rendah yang mendukung proses adsorpsi logam berat. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan kondisi optimum pada dosis adsorben 10 mg, waktu kontak 40 menit, dan konsentrasi awal 3 mg/L. Model isoterm adsorpsi Cu²⁺ dan Zn²⁺ mengikuti model Langmuir, sedangkan kinetika adsorpsinya mengikuti model pseudo-second-order. Aplikasi pada sampel asli limbah pemurnian emas menghasilkan efisiensi penyisihan ion Cu²⁺ sebesar 93,67 % dengan konsentrasi akhir 0,26 mg/L, serta efisiensi penyisihan ion Zn²⁺ sebesar 75,6 % dengan konsentrasi akhir 1,05 mg/L. Konsentrasi akhir kedua logam telah memenuhi baku mutu air limbah yang ditetapkan, sehingga karbon aktif berbasis limbah PET berpotensi sebagai adsorben yang efektif, ekonomis, dan ramah lingkungan untuk pengolahan limbah cair yang mengandung logam berat.
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Heavy metal pollution and the excalating accumulation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste have become major environmental concerns requiring sustainable solutions. This study aims to synthesize activated carbon derived from PET waste as an adsorbent for the removal of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions, determine the optimum adsorption conditions over Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Box–Behnken Design (BBD), and evaluate its performance using real gold refining wastewater samples. The activated carbon was prepared through carbonization followed by chemical activation with KOH and characterized using SEM, FTIR, and XRD. The characterization results show that activated carbon has active functional groups (–OH, C–H, C=C, and C–O), a porous surface structure, and is amorphous with low crystallinity that supports the heavy metal adsorption process. The optimization results indicated that the optimum adsorption conditions are adsorbent dosage of 10 mg, a contact time of 40 min, and an initial metal ion concentration of 3 mg/L. The adsorption equilibrium of both Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ suits by the Langmuir isotherm model, while the adsorption kinetics follow the pseudo-second-order model. Application to real gold refining wastewater achieved 93.67% removal of Cu²⁺ with a final concentration of 0.26 mg/L, and 75.60% removal of Zn²⁺ with a final concentration of 1.05 mg/L. The final concentrations of both metal ions complied with the applicable wastewater discharge standards, indicating that PET-derived activated carbon has significant potential as an effective, economical, and environmentally friendly adsorbent for heavy metal removal from wastewater.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | karbon aktif, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), adsorpsi, logam berat, Box–Behnken Design, activated carbon, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), adsorption, heavy metals, Box–Behnken Design |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD117 Absorption Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD75.2 Chemistry, Analytic |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Science and Data Analytics (SCIENTICS) > Analytical Science and Chemical Instrumentation > 47203-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Shafa Barani |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Aug 2026 00:53 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Aug 2026 00:53 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142351 |
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