Studi Analitik Terhadap Kinerja Sistem Solar Still dan Solar Thermal Collector

Ramadhani, Ivana Dzakiyyah (2026) Studi Analitik Terhadap Kinerja Sistem Solar Still dan Solar Thermal Collector. Masters thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Solar still adalah teknologi desalinasi sederhana yang memanfaatkan panas matahari untuk menguapkan air laut dan mengembunkannya menjadi air tawar atau distilat. Solar thermal collector adalah perangkat yang digunakan untuk mengubah radiasi surya menjadi energi termal. Sistem yang dikaji terdiri dari tiga konfigurasi, yaitu solar still (SS), solar thermal collector (STC), dan sistem integrasi SS+STC. Sistem yang digunakan pada percobaan ini adalah STC berbentuk flat plate dan SS dengan bentuk double slope solar still. Dimensi konfigurasi sistem SS sebesar 1 × 1 m², sedangkan STC sebesar 1 × 0,6 m². Variasi luas bukaan inlet yang digunakan adalah 0,012 m², 0,024 m², 0,036 m², 0,048 m², dan 0,060 m². Analisis dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan analitik berbasis thermal resistance network dengan mempertimbangkan mekanisme perpindahan panas konduksi, konveksi, radiasi, serta proses evaporasi dan kondensasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kondisi musim kemarau, efisiensi rata - rata harian sistem SS, STC, dan SS+STC masing-masing 10,22%, 17,04%, dan 20,44%, sedangkan pada musim hujan masing-masing sebesar 7,69%, 12,82%, dan 15,39%. Produktivitas sistem SS+STC mencapai 1,1 L/m²/hari pada musim kemarau dan 0,96 L/m²/hari pada musim hujan. Untuk variasi bukaan inlet 0,060 m² memberikan performa kinerja terbaik pada sistem karena menghasilkan laju aliran massa sebesar 0,0309 kg/s, laju evaporasi sebesar 3,71 × 10⁻⁴ kg/s, energi panas yang berguna sebesar 838,43 W, efisiensi termal sebesar 21% dan produktivitas sebesar 1,1 L/m²/hari. Sehingga, luas bukaan inlet 0,060 m² dapat dinyatakan sebagai luas bukaan inlet terbaik untuk kinerja dan peforma sistem Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan integrasi solar thermal collector mampu meningkatkan performa sistem solar still secara meningkat serta bukaan inlet 0,060 m² dapat meningkatkan suplai energi termal menuju ruang evaporasi, sehingga temperatur, laju evaporasi, efisiensi, dan produktivitas distilat meningkat dibandingkan solar still tanpa kolektor.
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A solar still is a simple desalination technology that utilizes solar energy to evaporate saline water and condense the resulting vapor into fresh water (distillate). A solar thermal collector (STC) is a device that converts solar radiation into thermal energy. The system investigated consisted of three configurations: a standalone solar still (SS), a solar thermal collector (STC), and an integrated SS+STC system. The STC employed in this study was a flat-plate collector, while the solar still was designed as a double-slope solar still. The dimensions of the SS and STC were 1 × 1 m² and 1 × 0.6 m², respectively. The inlet opening areas investigated were 0.012 m², 0.024 m², 0.036 m², 0.048 m², and 0.060 m². The analysis was conducted using an analytical approach based on a thermal resistance network, considering conductive, convective, and radiative heat transfer mechanisms, as well as the evaporation and condensation processes. The results showed that during the dry season, the average daily thermal efficiencies of the SS, STC, and SS+STC systems were 10.22%, 17.04%, and 20.44%, respectively, while during the rainy season they decreased to 7.69%, 12.82%, and 15.39%, respectively. The freshwater productivity of the integrated SS+STC system reached 1.1 L/m²/day in the dry season and 0.96 L/m²/day in the rainy season. Among the investigated inlet opening variations, the 0.060 m² inlet area provided the best system performance, yielding a mass flow rate of 0.0309 kg/s, an evaporation rate of 3,71 × 10⁻⁴ kg/s, a useful heat gain of 838.43 W, a thermal efficiency of 21%, and a freshwater productivity of 1.1 L/m²/day. Overall, the results demonstrate that integrating a solar thermal collector with a solar still significantly enhances the system's performance. Furthermore, the 0.060 m² inlet opening effectively increases the supply of thermal energy to the evaporation chamber, thereby improving the water temperature, evaporation rate, thermal efficiency, and distillate productivity compared with a conventional solar still operating without a solar thermal collector.

Item Type:	Thesis (Masters)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Desalinasi, Double Slope Solar Still, Evaporasi, Perpindahan Panas, Solar Still, Solar Thermal Collector.
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ808 Renewable energy sources. Energy harvesting. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ810.5 Solar energy
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Physics Engineering > 30101-(S2) Master Thesis
Depositing User:	Ivana Dzakiyyah Ramadhani
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2026 08:36
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 08:36
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142368

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