Ardhantoro, Aufa Sabiila Muhammad (2026) Analisa Numerik Perbandingan Material ABS Dan HDPE Serta Struktur Ribs Pada Bekisting Kolom Silinder Untuk Pendekatan Optimasi Redesain Geometri. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kebutuhan akan sistem bekisting yang lebih ringan, tahan lama, dan berkelanjutan sebagai alternatif bekisting konvensional berbahan kayu maupun baja. Material plastik seperti Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) dan High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) berpotensi digunakan sebagai material bekisting karena memiliki bobot ringan, tahan terhadap air, dan dapat digunakan berulang kali. Namun, performa struktural bekisting plastik dipengaruhi tidak hanya oleh sifat material, tetapi juga oleh konfigurasi geometri struktur pengaku (ribs). Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan pengaruh material ABS dan HDPE serta variasi geometri ribs berbentuk kotak, lingkaran, dan honeycomb terhadap respons mekanis bekisting kolom silinder, sekaligus mengembangkan desain yang lebih efisien melalui optimasi geometri. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode Finite Element Analysis (FEA) pada perangkat lunak ANSYS. Model tiga dimensi dibuat menggunakan Autodesk Inventor dengan pendekatan homogenisasi relative density sehingga setiap variasi geometri memiliki volume material yang sebanding. Simulasi dilakukan terhadap tekanan lateral beton segar berdasarkan ACI 347R, dengan parameter evaluasi berupa total deformation, equivalent stress, dan equivalent elastic strain. Optimasi dimensi ribs selanjutnya dilakukan menggunakan Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) untuk mengurangi massa material dengan tetap memenuhi batas deformasi yang dipersyaratkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa material ABS menghasilkan total deformation dan equivalent elastic strain yang lebih rendah dibandingkan HDPE, sedangkan equivalent stress pada kedua material relatif serupa. Dari sisi geometri, ribs kotak memberikan deformasi paling rendah, ribs lingkaran menghasilkan tegangan dan regangan paling rendah, sedangkan honeycomb memberikan distribusi beban yang lebih merata dengan kompleksitas manufaktur yang lebih tinggi. Optimasi geometri berhasil menurunkan massa material rata-rata sebesar 26,57% tanpa melampaui batas deformasi sesuai ACI 347R. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemilihan material dan geometri ribs merupakan trade-off antara kekakuan struktur, efisiensi material, kemudahan manufaktur, biaya produksi, dan aspek keberlanjutan, sehingga tidak terdapat satu konfigurasi yang unggul pada seluruh parameter.
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This study was motivated by the need to develop a lightweight, durable, and sustainable formwork system as an alternative to conventional timber and steel formwork. Polymer materials, particularly Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), offer significant potential for formwork applications due to their lightweight properties, water resistance, and high reusability. However, the structural performance of polymer formwork is influenced not only by material properties but also by the configuration of the rib reinforcement geometry. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effects of ABS and HDPE materials and square, circular, and honeycomb rib geometries on the mechanical response of cylindrical column formwork while developing a more efficient design through geometric optimization. A numerical analysis was conducted using the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method in ANSYS. Three-dimensional models were developed in Autodesk Inventor using a relative density homogenization approach to ensure comparable material volumes among all geometric variations. The models were subjected to fresh concrete lateral pressure in accordance with ACI 347R, and their structural performance was evaluated in terms of total deformation, equivalent stress, and equivalent elastic strain. Rib dimensions were subsequently optimized using the Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) to reduce material consumption while satisfying the allowable deformation limit. The results show that ABS exhibits lower total deformation and equivalent elastic strain than HDPE, whereas both materials produce comparable equivalent stress values. Among the investigated rib configurations, the square geometry provides the lowest deformation, the circular geometry achieves the lowest equivalent stress and equivalent elastic strain, and the honeycomb geometry offers more uniform load distribution but with greater manufacturing complexity. The optimization process successfully reduced the average material mass by 26.57% while maintaining compliance with the allowable deformation limit specified in ACI 347R. These findings demonstrate that selecting the appropriate material and rib geometry requires balancing structural stiffness, material efficiency, manufacturability, production cost, and sustainability, as no single configuration outperforms the others in all performance criteria.
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