Studi Deposisi Awal pada PEEK dan CFRP dengan Variasi Stand-Off Distance dalam Proses Spot Spray Low-Pressure Cold Spray

Noval, Gabriel Khrisna (2026) Studi Deposisi Awal pada PEEK dan CFRP dengan Variasi Stand-Off Distance dalam Proses Spot Spray Low-Pressure Cold Spray. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Cold spray merupakan proses deposisi solid-state yang berpotensi digunakan untuk metalisasi polimer dan komposit. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi pengaruh stand-off distance (SOD) terhadap kondisi impak partikel dan deposisi awal serbuk K/C-01-11 berbasis Cu–Zn–Al₂O₃ pada PEEK dan CFRP melalui spot spray low-pressure cold spray (LPCS). Penyemprotan dilakukan pada SOD 15, 20, 25, dan 30 mm menggunakan udara bertekanan nominal 6,5 bar(g), sudut 90°, waktu paparan 1 s, dan estimasi powder feed-rate 0,582 g/s. Kondisi impak partikel diperkirakan secara analitis, sedangkan respons eksperimen dievaluasi menggunakan deposition efficiency (DE), analisis statistik, dan SEM top surface. Hasil analitis menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan SOD menurunkan kondisi impak relatif partikel, dengan Zn menghasilkan rasio kecepatan impak terhadap kecepatan kritis tertinggi. Rata-rata DE PEEK berturut-turut sebesar 0,04%, −0,13%, 0,11%, dan −0,11%, sedangkan DE CFRP sebesar −2,71%, −1,92%, −2,49%, dan −1,90%. Perubahan DE bersifat tidak monoton dan belum menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antar-SOD. SEM memperlihatkan deposit lokal dan heterogen pada PEEK, sedangkan CFRP menunjukkan retensi partikel disertai cekungan, kehilangan matriks, dan pembukaan serat. Hasil integrasi menunjukkan bahwa perubahan kondisi impak tidak dapat diterjemahkan langsung menjadi perubahan DE karena adanya persaingan antara retensi, rebound, dan kehilangan material substrat.
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Cold spray is a solid-state deposition process with potential for metallizing polymers and composites. This study evaluated the effect of stand-off distance (SOD) on particle impact conditions and the initial deposition of Cu–Zn–Al₂O₃-based K/C-01-11 powder on PEEK and CFRP using spot-spray low-pressure cold spray. Spraying was conducted at SODs of 15, 20, 25, and 30 mm using compressed air at a nominal pressure of 6.5 bar(g), a spray angle of 90°, an exposure time of 1 s, and an estimated powder feed rate of 0.582 g/s. Particle impact conditions were estimated analytically, while the experimental responses were evaluated using deposition efficiency (DE), statistical analysis, and top-surface SEM. Increasing SOD reduced the relative particle impact conditions, with Zn exhibiting the highest impact-to-critical velocity ratio. The mean DE values for PEEK were 0.04%, −0.13%, 0.11%, and −0.11%, whereas those for CFRP were −2.71%, −1.92%, −2.49%, and −1.90%. The DE response was non-monotonic, with no statistically significant differences among the tested SODs. SEM revealed localized and heterogeneous deposits on PEEK, while CFRP exhibited particle retention accompanied by cavities, matrix loss, and exposed carbon fibers. The integrated results showed that changes in particle impact conditions could not be translated directly into DE changes because of the competing effects of particle retention, rebound, and substrate material loss.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	LPCS, stand-off distance, deposisi awal, initial deposition, PEEK, CFRP
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA418.9.C57 Coatings
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Gabriel Khrisna Noval
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 01:38
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 01:38
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142444

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