Analisis Eksperimental Perilaku Pengembangan Tanah Lempung Akibat Interaksi Dengan Cairan Limbah Kaustik Industri Alumina

Ardian, Muhammad Rafli (2026) Analisis Eksperimental Perilaku Pengembangan Tanah Lempung Akibat Interaksi Dengan Cairan Limbah Kaustik Industri Alumina. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Fenomena pengembangan tanah (soil swelling) dapat terjadi akibat interaksi antara tanah lempung dan bahan kimia tertentu. Salah satu kasus yang pernah terjadi adalah soil heaving pada area industri pengolahan alumina yang diduga dipengaruhi oleh cairan limbah kaustik. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh cairan limbah kaustik industri alumina terhadap perilaku pengembangan tanah lempung. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan sampel tanah lempung remolded dari Kota Surabaya dengan variasi konsentrasi limbah kaustik sebesar 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%. Pengujian utama dilakukan menggunakan alat oedometer untuk memperoleh parameter swelling potential (εs) dan swelling pressure (σsp). Selain itu, dilakukan pengujian volumetri, gravimetri, dan analisis mikrostruktur menggunakan SEM-EDX (Scanning Electron Microscope Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi limbah kaustik cenderung meningkatkan perilaku pengembangan tanah. Nilai swelling potential meningkat dari 3,60% pada sampel kontrol menjadi 12,43% pada variasi 20%, sedangkan nilai swelling pressure meningkat dari 1,430 kg/cm² menjadi 2,203 kg/cm², dengan pola perubahan yang tidak sepenuhnya linier pada konsentrasi rendah. Hasil pengujian volumetri dan gravimetri menunjukkan perubahan sifat fisik tanah setelah perlakuan, meliputi perubahan kadar air dari 45,755% menjadi 44,321%, peningkatan berat volume tanah dari 1,616 g/cm³ menjadi 1,688 g/cm³, serta peningkatan berat jenis dari 2,434 menjadi 2,559 pada variasi 20%. Analisis SEM menunjukkan perbedaan morfologi yang jelas antara sampel kontrol (0%) dan sampel variasi 20%. Pada sampel kontrol, partikel lempung tersebar secara relatif merata membentuk agregat dengan distribusi pori yang homogen. Sebaliknya, pada sampel variasi 20% terlihat kecenderungan agregasi partikel yang lebih rapat dan terbentuknya gumpalan (agglomerate) berukuran lebih besar, mengindikasikan perubahan susunan mikrostruktur akibat interaksi kimia dengan limbah kaustik. Hasil analisis EDX mengkonfirmasi adanya interaksi tersebut, yang ditandai dengan munculnya unsur natrium (Na = 1,0% atom) pada sampel variasi 20% yang sama sekali tidak terdeteksi pada sampel kontrol. Selain itu, terjadi peningkatan kandungan silikon (Si) dari 15,7% menjadi 18,0%, aluminium (Al) dari 7,0% menjadi 7,9%, serta besi (Fe) dari 1,5% menjadi 2,6% dalam satuan persentase atom. Berdasarkan keseluruhan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa interaksi antara tanah lempung dan cairan limbah kaustik industri alumina berpengaruh terhadap perilaku pengembangan, sifat fisik, dan mikrostruktur tanah.
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Soil swelling is a phenomenon that may occur due to the interaction between clay soil and certain chemical substances. One notable case is the soil heaving observed in an alumina processing industrial area, which is suspected to have been caused by caustic waste liquid. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the effect of alumina industry caustic waste liquid on the swelling behavior of clay soil. The research was carried out experimentally using remolded clay samples from Surabaya City, treated with caustic waste liquid at concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The main testing was performed using an oedometer to obtain the swelling potential (εs) and swelling pressure (σsp) parameters. In addition, volumetric and gravimetric tests, as well as microstructural analysis using SEM-EDX (Scanning Electron Microscope Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy), were conducted. The results indicate that increasing the concentration of caustic waste liquid tends to enhance the swelling behavior of the soil. The swelling potential increased from 3.60% in the control sample to 12.43% at the 20% concentration, while the swelling pressure increased from 1.430 kg/cm² to 2.203 kg/cm², following a pattern that was not entirely linear at lower concentrations. The volumetric and gravimetric test results revealed changes in the physical properties of the soil after treatment, including a change in water content from 45.755% to 44.321%, an increase in bulk unit weight from 1.616 g/cm³ to 1.688 g/cm³, and an increase in specific gravity from 2.434 to 2.559 at the 20% concentration. SEM analysis revealed a distinguishable morphological difference between the control sample (0%) and the 20% concentration sample. In the control sample, clay particles were relatively evenly distributed, forming aggregates with a homogeneous pore distribution. In contrast, the 20% concentration sample exhibited a tendency toward denser particle aggregation and the formation of larger agglomerates, indicating a change in microstructural arrangement resulting from the chemical interaction with the caustic waste. EDX analysis confirmed this interaction, marked by the appearance of sodium (Na = 1.0 atomic%) in the 20% concentration sample, which was entirely undetected in the control sample. In addition, increases were observed in silicon (Si) content from 15.7% to 18.0%, aluminum (Al) from 7.0% to 7.9%, and iron (Fe) from 1.5% to 2.6%, expressed in atomic percentage. Based on the overall results, it can be concluded that the interaction between clay soil and alumina industry caustic waste liquid affects the swelling behavior, physical properties, and microstructure of the soil.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Tanah lempung, Limbah Kaustik Industri Alumina, Perilaku Pengembangan, Swelling Potential, Swelling Pressure, Clay Soil, Alumina Industry Caustic Waste, Swelling Behavior, Swelling Potential, Swelling Pressure.
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA455.S6 Soil (Materials of engineering and construction)
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 22301-Civil Infrastructure Engineering (D4)
Depositing User:	Muhammad Rafli Ardian
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2026 10:22
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 10:22
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142509

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