Studi Perbandingan Konstruksi Campuran Dan Konstruksi Memanjang Terhadap Tegangan Dan Berat Struktur Ruang Muat Bulk Carrier

Sugiarto, Ryan (2026) Studi Perbandingan Konstruksi Campuran Dan Konstruksi Memanjang Terhadap Tegangan Dan Berat Struktur Ruang Muat Bulk Carrier. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Ruang muat bulk carrier merupakan komponen struktural kritis yang secara langsung menerima beban muatan curah, beban gelombang, serta momen lentur global kapal selama operasi. Pemilihan sistem konstruksi yang tepat menjadi faktor penentu dalam menjamin kekuatan struktural sekaligus efisiensi penggunaan material. Penelitian ini melakukan studi perbandingan antara sistem konstruksi memanjang dan konstruksi campuran pada ruang muat bulk carrier dengan ukuran utama Lpp = 120 m, B = 18,5 m, H = 9,4 m, dan T = 7,1 m. Masing-masing sistem dimodelkan dalam tiga variasi jarak frame yaitu 600 mm, 700 mm, dan 800 mm, sehingga terdapat enam variasi desain secara keseluruhan. Dimensi scantling seluruh elemen struktural dihitung mengacu pada peraturan BKI Volume II Rules for Hull, meliputi tebal pelat dan dimensi profil penegar pada bagian alas, sisi, geladak, alas dalam, hopper side tank, dan top side tank. Pemodelan tiga dimensi dilakukan menggunakan Ansys SpaceClaim dengan representasi shell element, dan analisis tegangan dilakukan pada Ansys Mechanical dengan pembebanan berupa momen lentur total kondisi Hogging dan Sagging yang merupakan superposisi momen air tenang dan momen gelombang BKI, serta tekanan internal muatan curah. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa seluruh enam variasi desain memenuhi persyaratan tegangan izin BKI sebesar 175 N/mm². Konstruksi memanjang secara konsisten menghasilkan berat struktur lebih ringan dibandingkan konstruksi campuran pada jarak frame yang sama, dengan selisih 6,54 hingga 9,09 ton, namun menghasilkan tegangan yang lebih tinggi dengan selisih 0,62% hingga 2,21% pada kondisi Sagging. Pertambahan jarak frame menyebabkan tegangan maksimum meningkat pada kondisi Hogging namun menurun pada kondisi Sagging, sementara berat struktur meningkat pada kedua sistem konstruksi akibat persyaratan dimensi pelat yang lebih besar. Konfigurasi paling optimal ditentukan menggunakan metode Composite Sustainability Performance Index (CSPI) yang memadukan tegangan Hogging, tegangan Sagging, dan berat struktur, yaitu konstruksi memanjang dengan jarak frame 600 mm dengan skor CSPI tertinggi (88), berat paling ringan sebesar 394,56 ton, dan tegangan maksimum Sagging 161,52 MPa, memenuhi tegangan izin BKI dengan margin keamanan 7,70%.
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The cargo hold of a bulk carrier is a critical structural component that directly sustains bulk cargo loads, wave-induced pressures, and global longitudinal bending moments during operation. The selection of an appropriate construction system is therefore a determining factor in ensuring structural integrity while maintaining material efficiency. This study presents a comparative analysis between longitudinal framing and mixed framing systems applied to the cargo hold structure of a bulk carrier with principal dimensions of Lpp = 120 m, B = 18.5 m, H = 9.4 m, and T = 7.1 m. Each framing system was modeled across three frame spacing variations of 600 mm, 700 mm, and 800 mm, yielding six design variants in total. The scantling dimensions of all structural elements, including plate thickness and stiffener profiles for the bottom, side, deck, inner bottom, hopper side tank, and top side tank, were calculated in accordance with BKI Volume II Rules for Hull. Three-dimensional modeling was carried out in Ansys SpaceClaim using shell element representation, and stress analysis was performed in Ansys Mechanical under combined loading of total bending moments for both Hogging and Sagging conditions, representing the superposition of still water bending moment and BKI wave-induced bending moment, along with internal bulk cargo pressure. The analysis results indicate that all six design variants satisfy the BKI allowable stress requirement of 175 N/mm². The longitudinal construction system consistently produces lighter structural weight than the mixed construction system at equivalent frame spacings, with differences ranging from 6.54 to 9.09 tonnes, while generating higher maximum stress under the Sagging condition, with differences ranging from 0.62% to 2.21%. Increasing frame spacing raises the maximum stress under the Hogging condition but lowers it under the Sagging condition, while structural weight increases for both construction systems due to the larger plate dimensions required by BKI regulations. The most optimal configuration was determined using the Composite Sustainability Performance Index (CSPI) method, which combines Hogging stress, Sagging stress, and structural weight: the longitudinal construction with 600 mm frame spacing achieved the highest CSPI score (88), the lightest structural weight of 394.56 tonnes, and a maximum Sagging stress of 161.52 MPa, satisfying the BKI allowable stress requirement with a safety margin of 7.70%.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	bulk carrier, konstruksi memanjang, konstruksi campuran, jarak frame, tegangan Von-Mises, berat struktur, BKI, finite element method, CSPI, longitudinal construction, mixed construction, frame spacing, Von-Mises stress, structural weight
Subjects:	V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM156 Naval architecture V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM163 Hulls (Naval architecture)
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Naval Architecture and Shipbuilding Engineering > 36201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Ryan Sugiarto
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 01:34
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 01:34
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142551

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