Studi Numerik Pengaruh Modifikasi Closed Impeller Menjadi Tandem BladesImpeller dengan Variasi Inlet Angle Tandem (β21) pada Pompa SentrifugalTerhadap Inner Flow

Nu'maa, Mumtazatillah (2026) Studi Numerik Pengaruh Modifikasi Closed Impeller Menjadi Tandem BladesImpeller dengan Variasi Inlet Angle Tandem (β21) pada Pompa SentrifugalTerhadap Inner Flow. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pompa sentrifugal merupakan salah satu mesin fluida yang banyak digunakan dalam berbagai aplikasi industri, dengan performa yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh desain dan geometri impeller. Pada impeller konvensional, keterbatasan jumlah sudu dapat menyebabkan kerugian aliran, resirkulasi, dan ketidakseragaman distribusi aliran, terutama pada kondisi operasi tertentu. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk memperbaiki karakteristik aliran internal adalah modifikasi impeller menjadi konfigurasi tandem blades, yaitu dua baris sudu yang bekerja secara berurutan untuk mengarahkan aliran secara lebih bertahap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh modifikasi closed impeller menjadi tandem blades impeller dengan variasi inlet angle tandem (β₂₁) terhadap karakteristik inner flow dan performa pompa sentrifugal. Metode penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) dengan kondisi aliran steady-state dan fluida inkompresibel berupa air pada temperatur ruang. Analisis dilakukan terhadap karakteristik performa pompa serta distribusi tekanan, distribusi kecepatan, pola aliran, dan indikasi kerugian hidrolik di dalam impeller. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konfigurasi tandem blades mampu meningkatkan performa pompa sentrifugal dibandingkan closed impeller original, terutama pada kondisi kapasitas rendah hingga menengah, melalui peningkatan kemampuan pengarahan aliran dan pengurangan resirkulasi. Variasi β₂₁ memberikan pengaruh terhadap karakteristik inner flow dan performa hidrolik pompa. Peningkatan sudut β₂₁ menghasilkan passage yang lebih terbuka sehingga aliran menuju rear blade berlangsung lebih bertahap dan distribusi kecepatan menjadi lebih merata. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi dan perbandingan dengan data eksperimen, konfigurasi β₂₁= 27° menunjukkan performa terbaik pada kapasitas tinggi dengan head maksimum sebesar 12,47 m pada rentang kapasitas pengujian yang tersedia. Hasil visualisasi relative velocity streamline juga menunjukkan bahwa variasi β₂₁ memengaruhi pola aliran pada gap antara leading blade dan rear blade. Dengan demikian, konfigurasi tandem blades dan pemilihan sudut β₂₁ yang sesuai berpotensi meningkatkan karakteristik aliran internal dan performa pompa sentrifugal.
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Centrifugal pumps are widely used in various industrial applications, with their performance strongly influenced by impeller design and blade geometry. In conventional impellers, a limited number of blades may cause flow losses, flow recirculation, and non-uniform flow distribution, particularly under certain operating conditions. One approach to improve these internal flow characteristics is to modify the impeller into a tandem blades configuration, consisting of two rows of blades that operate sequentially to guide the flow more gradually. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of modifying a closed impeller into a tandem blades impeller with variations of the tandem inlet angle (β₂₁) on the internal flow characteristics and performance of a centrifugal pump. The study was conducted using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) under steady-state conditions with incompressible water at room temperature, focusing on pump performance characteristics, pressure distribution, velocity distribution, flow patterns, and indications of hydraulic losses inside the impeller. The simulation results indicate that the tandem blades configuration can improve centrifugal pump performance compared with the original closed impeller, particularly at low to medium flow rates, by enhancing flow guidance and reducing flow recirculation. Furthermore, variations in the tandem inlet angle (β₂₁) significantly influence the internal flow characteristics and hydraulic performance of the pump, where a larger β₂₁ angle produces a more open flow passage, allowing the flow to enter the rear blade more gradually and resulting in a more uniform velocity distribution. Based on the numerical simulation results and comparison with experimental data, the β₂₁ = 27° configuration demonstrated the best performance at high flow rates, achieving a maximum head of 12.47 m within the available tested flow-rate range. In addition, the relative velocity streamline visualization revealed that variations in β₂₁ affect the flow pattern within the gap between the leading blade and the rear blade. These findings suggest that the tandem blades configuration, combined with the appropriate selection of the β₂₁ angle, has significant potential to improve the internal flow characteristics and overall performance of centrifugal pumps.

Item Type:	Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Closed Impeller, Pompa Sentrifugal, Tandem Blades, Sudut Inlet
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ903 Pumping machinery. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ919 Centrifugal pumps--Design and construction.
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > Mechanical Industrial Engineering (D4)
Depositing User:	Mumtazatillah Nu'maa
Date Deposited:	03 Aug 2026 15:45
Last Modified:	03 Aug 2026 15:45
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142554

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