Alansyah, Charismatulloh Yusuf (2026) Rancang Bangun Sistem Kontrol Temperatur Dan Tekanan Pada Proses Fermentasi Miniplant Produksi Bioetanol Dari Nira Aren. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Produksi bioetanol melalui proses fermentasi dipengaruhi oleh kestabilan temperatur dan tekanan selama fermentasi berlangsung. Ketidakstabilan kedua parameter tersebut dapat menurunkan aktivitas metabolisme mikroorganisme dalam mengonversi gula menjadi etanol. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan mengimplementasikan sistem kontrol temperatur dan tekanan pada miniplant fermentor bioetanol berbahan baku nira aren menggunakan Arduino Mega 2560 Pro. Pengendalian temperatur menggunakan kontrol Proporsional–Integral (PI) dengan parameter yang ditentukan menggunakan metode Ziegler Nichols berdasarkan model First Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT), sedangkan pengendalian tekanan menggunakan metode on–off untuk mencegah terjadinya overpressure akibat akumulasi gas CO₂ selama fermentasi anaerob. Sensor RTD PT100 digunakan untuk mengukur temperatur, sedangkan pressure transmitter G1/4 digunakan untuk mengukur tekanan. Hasil validasi menunjukkan sensor temperatur memiliki rata-rata error sebesar 0,39%FS dan sensor tekanan sebesar 0,56%FS, yang menunjukkan kedua sensor layak digunakan pada sistem kontrol. Implementasi sistem dilakukan pada temperatur fermentasi 30°C, 31°C, dan 32°C selama 36 jam menggunakan Saccharomyces cerevisiae pada fermentor yang dilengkapi sistem double jacket dengan media pendingin pasif berupa campuran air dan es batu. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan kontrol PI mampu mempertahankan temperatur dengan overshoot di bawah 5% dan steady-state error kurang dari 1,1%, sedangkan kontrol tekanan metode on off berhasil menjaga tekanan fermentor pada rentang aman 0–1 psi. Variasi temperatur fermentasi memengaruhi konsumsi gula dan produksi etanol, dengan nilai attenuation meningkat dari 87% hingga 93%. Temperatur fermentasi 31°C menghasilkan nilai Alcohol by Volume (ABV) tertinggi sebesar 5,51% dan dikonfirmasi melalui analisis GC-FID yang menunjukkan konsentrasi etanol tertinggi dibandingkan variasi temperatur lainnya. Secara keseluruhan, sistem kontrol yang dirancang mampu menjaga kestabilan kondisi fermentasi serta mendukung proses produksi bioetanol pada skala miniplant.
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Bioethanol production through fermentation is strongly influenced by the stability of temperature and pressure throughout the fermentation process. Instability in these parameters can reduce microbial metabolic activity and decrease the efficiency of sugar conversion into ethanol. Therefore, this study aimed to design and implement a temperature and pressure control system for a palm sap bioethanol fermentation miniplant using an Arduino Mega 2560
Pro. Temperature was regulated using a Proportional–Integral (PI) controller, with controller parameters determined by the Ziegler–Nichols tuning method based on a First-Order Plus Dead Time (FOPDT) model. Meanwhile, pressure was controlled using an on–off strategy to prevent overpressure caused by the accumulation of CO₂ during anaerobic fermentation. An RTD PT100 sensor was employed for temperature measurement, while a G1/4 pressure transmitter was used for pressure measurement. Sensor validation results showed average full scale errors of 0.39%FS for the temperature sensor and 0.56%FS for the pressure sensor, indicating that both sensors were suitable for control applications. The control system was implemented at fermentation temperatures of 30°C, 31°C, and 32°C for 36 hours using Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a double-jacket fermenter equipped with a passive cooling medium consisting of water and ice. Experimental results demonstrated that the PI controller maintained temperature stability with an overshoot of less than 5% and a steady-state error below 1.1%, while the on–off pressure controller successfully maintained the fermenter pressure within the safe operating range of 0–1 psi. Fermentation temperature significantly affected sugar consumption and ethanol production, as indicated by an increase in attenuation from 87% to 93%. The highest Alcohol by Volume (ABV) of 5.51% was obtained at 31°C and was confirmed by GC-FID analysis, which also showed the highest ethanol concentration among all temperature variations. Overall, the proposed control system successfully maintained stable fermentation conditions and supported bioethanol production in a miniplant scale fermentation system.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Bioetanol, Fermentasi Anaerob, Temperatur, Tekanan, Bioethanol, Anaerobic Fermentation, Temperature, Pressure |
| Subjects: | T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ213 Automatic control. T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK7878 Electronic instruments T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP156 Crystallization. Extraction (Chemistry). Fermentation. Distillation. Emulsions. T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP248.3 Biochemical engineering. Bioprocess engineering T Technology > TP Chemical technology > TP339 Ethanol as fuel. Biomass energy. |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Vocational > Instrumentation Engineering |
| Depositing User: | Charismatulloh Yusuf Alansyah |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Aug 2026 01:01 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Aug 2026 01:01 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142590 |
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