CFD Based Analysis Of Underbody Water Mist Spray Effectiveness In Mitigating Electric Vehicle Fires On Ro-Ro Ships

Rouf, Daffa' Akmaluddin (2026) CFD Based Analysis Of Underbody Water Mist Spray Effectiveness In Mitigating Electric Vehicle Fires On Ro-Ro Ships. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

Text 5019221079-Undergradute_Thesis.pdf - Accepted Version Restricted to Repository staff only Download (7MB) | Request a copy

Abstract

Pertumbuhan kendaraan listrik atau electric vehicle (EV) meningkatkan kebutuhan transportasi kendaraan melalui kapal Roll-on/Roll-off (Ro-Ro) dan menimbulkan tantangan baru dalam keselamatan kebakaran maritim. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai kemampuan dan keterbatasan konfigurasi underbody water mist spray dalam menyalurkan air ke battery pack, membandingkan respons kebakaran pada Deck D dan Deck E, serta merumuskan implikasi teknis bagi sistem mitigasi kebakaran kapal pengangkut EV. Simulasi numerik dilakukan menggunakan Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) dan divisualisasikan dengan Smokeview. Setiap skenario menggunakan satu domain vehicle deck tertutup, satu EV dengan battery pack NMC efektif yang dibagi menjadi sembilan modul, serta sumber api prescribed dengan kapasitas teoritis total sekitar 4 MW tanpa kurva decay. Sistem underbody terdiri atas tiga nozzle yang mengarah ke atas dengan laju aliran 13 L/min per nozzle, diameter droplet 121 μm, kecepatan partikel 30 m/s, sudut semprot 0°–60°, dan aktivasi berdasarkan temperatur lokal 74°C. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa seluruh modul telah aktif pada 15.66 s di Deck D dan 12.45 s di Deck E, sedangkan nozzle pertama baru aktif pada 28.20 s dan 70.46 s. Peak HRR mencapai 4393.70 kW pada Deck D dan 4534.15 kW pada Deck E. Pada akhir output, HRR masih sebesar 3956.85 kW pada 1013.03 s untuk Deck D dan 3849.41 kW pada 1200 s untuk Deck E, sehingga tidak terjadi penurunan berkelanjutan menuju pemadaman. Temperatur maksimum modul mencapai 871.32°C pada Deck D dan 931.76°C pada Deck E. Visualisasi membuktikan bahwa droplet dapat mencapai area underbody, tetapi asap terus terakumulasi dan visibility menurun karena domain tidak memiliki ventilasi atau smoke extraction aktif. Dengan demikian, konfigurasi ini menunjukkan akses geometris semprotan ke battery pack, tetapi efektivitas pemadaman secara kuantitatif belum dapat ditentukan karena sumber api bersifat prescribed dan tidak tersedia skenario pembanding tanpa spray. Hasil penelitian mendukung aktivasi yang lebih dini dan seragam serta integrasi underbody spray dengan deteksi kebakaran, pemadaman dari atas, pengendalian ventilasi, dan smoke extraction.
======================================================================================================================================
The increasing use of electric vehicles (EVs) has increased vehicle transportation by Roll-on/Roll-off (Ro-Ro) ships and introduced new maritime fire-safety challenges. This study assesses the capability and limitations of an underbody water mist spray configuration in delivering water to the battery pack, compares the fire response on Deck D and Deck E, and formulates technical implications for fire mitigation on EV-carrying vessels. Numerical simulations were conducted using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and visualized using Smokeview. Each scenario uses one sealed vehicle-deck domain, one EV with a nine-module effective NMC battery pack, and a prescribed fire source with a combined theoretical capacity of approximately 4 MW without a decay curve. The underbody system consists of three upward-facing nozzles, each with a flow rate of 13 L/min, a droplet diameter of 121 μm, a particle velocity of 30 m/s, a spray angle of 0°–60°, and local-temperature activation at 74°C. All module fire vents are active by 15.66 s on Deck D and 12.45 s on Deck E, whereas the first nozzle activates at 28.20 s and 70.46 s, respectively. Peak HRR reaches 4393.70 kW on Deck D and 4534.15 kW on Deck E. At the end of the recorded outputs, HRR remains 3956.85 kW at 1013.03 s on Deck D and 3849.41 kW at 1200 s on Deck E, with no sustained decline toward extinguishment. Maximum module temperatures reach 871.32°C on Deck D and 931.76°C on Deck E. Smokeview confirms that droplets reach the underbody region, but smoke accumulates and visibility deteriorates because the domains do not include active ventilation or smoke extraction. Therefore, the selected configuration demonstrates geometric water delivery to the battery pack, but quantitative suppression effectiveness cannot be established because the fire source is prescribed and no matched no-spray case is available. The findings support earlier and more uniform activation and integration of underbody spray with fire detection, overhead suppression, ventilation control, and smoke extraction.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Baterai Lithium-Ion, CFD, Kebakaran Kendaraan Listrik, Kapal Ro-Ro, Semprotan Kabut Bawah Badan, CFD, Electric Vehicle Fire, Lithium-Ion battery, Ro-Ro Ship, Underbody Water Mist Spray
Subjects:	V Naval Science > VK > VK1258 Ships--Fires and fire prevention
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Marine Engineering > 36202-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Daffa' Akmaluddin Rouf
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 02:28
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 02:28
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142639

Actions (login required)

View Item