Implementasi Vehicle Control Unit Untuk Supervisory Fault Management Menggunakan Finite State Machine Pada Kendaraan Listrik

Akbar, M. Maulana (2026) Implementasi Vehicle Control Unit Untuk Supervisory Fault Management Menggunakan Finite State Machine Pada Kendaraan Listrik. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kendaraan listrik memerlukan Vehicle Control Unit (VCU) yang mampu mengoordinasikan komunikasi antar subsistem sekaligus mendeteksi dan merespons gangguan secara cepat dan aman. Penelitian ini mengembangkan VCU yang mendukung mekanisme Supervisory Fault Management menggunakan pendekatan Finite State Machine (FSM), sehingga respons sistem dapat disesuaikan dengan tingkat keparahan atau severity fault. VCU diimplementasikan menggunakan mikrokontroler STM32F405RGT6 dan berkomunikasi dengan Battery Management System (BMS), Motor Control Unit (MCU), serta Human Machine Interface (HMI) melalui jaringan Controller Area Network (CAN). Pengujian hardware menunjukkan sistem catu daya menghasilkan tegangan keluaran 5,04 V dengan error 0,8% dan 3,3 V dengan error 0% secara stabil pada rentang tegangan masukan 9,97–15 V. Seluruh input digital dan analog terbaca sesuai rancangan, sedangkan seluruh sepuluh jenis frame komunikasi CAN berhasil dikirim dan diterima tanpa kehilangan data sehingga platform hardware mampu mendukung implementasi mekanisme Supervisory Fault Management. Sistem terdiri atas empat state utama, yaitu STANDBY, READY, DRIVE, dan FAULT. Data telemetri diproses melalui mekanisme fault detection, severity classification, dan fault manager sebelum digunakan oleh FSM untuk menentukan transisi state dan respons sistem. Validasi dilakukan menggunakan metode fault injection dengan skenario operasi normal, single fault, multi fault, dan recovery sebanyak 220 pengujian. Seluruh skenario menghasilkan transisi state, klasifikasi severity, dan respons sistem yang sesuai dengan rancangan dengan tingkat kesesuaian sebesar 100%. Mekanisme severity classification berhasil membedakan respons antara kondisi Warning dan Critical, serta menentukan satu active fault berdasarkan prioritas severity tertinggi pada kondisi multi fault. Pengukuran waktu respons menunjukkan nilai rata-rata antara 84,02 ms hingga 192,72 ms, sedangkan waktu respons maksimum mencapai 392 ms pada skenario gangguan komunikasi CAN akibat mekanisme timeout. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa VCU yang dikembangkan mampu mengelola respons fault sesuai tingkat severity melalui mekanisme Supervisory Fault Management.
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Electric vehicles require a Vehicle Control Unit (VCU) capable of coordinating communication among subsystems while detecting and responding to faults quickly and safely. This research develops a VCU that supports a Supervisory Fault Management mechanism using a Finite State Machine (FSM), enabling system responses to be adjusted according to fault severity. The VCU is implemented using an STM32F405RGT6 microcontroller and communicates with the Battery Management System (BMS), Motor Control Unit (MCU), and Human Machine Interface (HMI) through a Controller Area Network (CAN). Hardware testing showed that the power supply generated stable output voltages of 5,04 V with a 0,8% error and 3,3 V with a 0% error over an input voltage range of 9,97–15 V. All digital and analog inputs operated according to the design, while all ten CAN communication frame types were successfully transmitted and received without data loss, demonstrating that the hardware platform supports the implementation of the Supervisory Fault Management mechanism. The system consists of four main states: STANDBY, READY, DRIVE, and FAULT. Telemetry data is processed through fault detection, severity classification, and fault manager mechanisms before being used by the FSM to determine state transitions and system responses. Validation was performed using a fault injection method under normal operation, single fault, multi fault, and recovery scenarios, totaling 220 test cases. All test scenarios produced state transitions, severity classification, and system responses consistent with the design, achieving a conformance rate of 100%. The severity classification mechanism successfully distinguished responses between Warning and Critical faults while selecting a single active fault with the highest severity during multi fault conditions. The average system response time ranged from 84,02 ms to 192,72 ms, while the maximum response time reached 392 ms during CAN communication disturbances caused by the designed timeout mechanism. These results demonstrate that the developed VCU is capable of managing fault responses according to fault severity through the Supervisory Fault Management mechanism.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Electric Vehicle, Vehicle Control Unit, Finite State Machine, Supervisory Fault Management, Controller Area Network
Subjects:	T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK3070 Automatic control T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK4055 Electric motor T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK5105 Data Transmission Systems T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK7870.23 Reliability. Failures T Technology > TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics > TL220 Electric vehicles and their batteries, etc.
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 36304-Automation Electronic Engineering
Depositing User:	M. Maulana Akbar
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 02:32
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 02:32
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142679

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