Analisis Pengaruh Struktur Pemecah Ombak (Breakwater) Terhadap Morfologi Pantai Kuta Bali

Mahendra, Mohammad Arli Revansha (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Struktur Pemecah Ombak (Breakwater) Terhadap Morfologi Pantai Kuta Bali. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Pantai Kuta Bali merupakan kawasan wisata strategis yang mengalami abrasi signifikan sejak tahun 1960-an akibat perubahan pola angkutan sedimen, dengan kemunduran garis pantai mencapai 15–20 meter sejak tahun 1980. Sebagai upaya mitigasi, pemerintah bersama Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) melaksanakan proyek Bali Beach Conservation Project (BBCP) Phase II yang salah satunya berupa pembangunan struktur breakwater. Namun, efektivitas breakwater eksisting dalam menahan laju abrasi di seluruh segmen pantai belum sepenuhnya optimal, sehingga diperlukan kajian mendalam terhadap pengaruhnya pada morfologi pantai. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik gelombang, arus, transportasi sedimen, dan morfologi Pantai Kuta pada kondisi eksisting maupun pada desain rencana breakwater, serta mengevaluasi efektivitas struktur tersebut dalam mereduksi energi gelombang dan mencegah abrasi. Analisis dilakukan melalui pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder (data batimetri, pasang surut, angin, sedimen, dan citra satelit), yang selanjutnya diproses menggunakan pemodelan hidrodinamika dua dimensi dengan perangkat lunak MIKE 21/3 Coupled, meliputi modul Hydrodynamic (HD), Sand Transport (ST) dan Spectral Wave (SW) yang dijalankan secara terkopel untuk mensimulasikan kondisi eksisting (tiga breakwater) dan kondisi rencana. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan bahwa pada kondisi eksisting, Pantai Kuta memiliki rata-rata tinggi gelombang 0,327 m dan kecepatan arus 0,028 m/detik, dengan morfologi pantai yang masih didominasi erosi (rata-rata perubahan -0,414 m). Setelah penerapan desain breakwater rencana, rata-rata tinggi gelombang menurun menjadi 0,020 m (tereduksi 93,88%) dan kecepatan arus menurun menjadi 0,004 m/detik (tereduksi 85,71%), sementara morfologi pantai berubah menjadi sedimentasi dengan rata-rata perubahan +0,335 m. Hasil ini membuktikan bahwa desain breakwater rencana secara signifikan lebih efektif dibandingkan kondisi eksisting dalam meredam energi gelombang, mengendalikan arus, serta mengembalikan keseimbangan transportasi sedimen, sehingga mampu menstabilkan garis pantai dan mendukung keberlanjutan kawasan wisata Pantai Kuta Bali.
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Kuta Beach in Bali is a strategic tourism area that has experienced significant abrasion since the 1960s due to changes in sediment transport patterns, with shoreline retreat reaching 15–20 meters since 1980. As a mitigation effort, the government together with the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) carried out the Bali Beach Conservation Project (BBCP) Phase II, which includes the construction of breakwater structures. However, the effectiveness of the existing breakwater in withstanding abrasion across all beach segments has not been fully optimal, so an in-depth study of its influence on beach morphology is required. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of waves, currents, sediment transport, and morphology of Kuta Beach under both existing conditions and the planned breakwater design, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of the structure in reducing wave energy and preventing abrasion. The analysis was carried out through the collection of primary and secondary data (bathymetry, tidal, wind, sediment, and satellite imagery data), which were then processed using two-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling with the MIKE 21 software, comprising the Hydrodynamic (HD), Sand Transport (ST) and Spectral Wave (SW) modules run in a coupled manner to simulate the existing condition (three breakwaters) and the planned condition. The modeling results show that under existing conditions, Kuta Beach has an average wave height of 0.327 m and an average current velocity of 0.028 m/s, with beach morphology still dominated by erosion (average change of -0.414 m). After implementing the planned breakwater design, the average wave height decreased to 0.020 m (a 93.88% reduction) and the average current velocity decreased to 0.004 m/s (an 85.71% reduction), while beach morphology shifted toward sedimentation with an average change of +0.335 m. These results demonstrate that the planned breakwater design is significantly more effective than the existing condition in dampening wave energy, controlling currents, and restoring the balance of sediment transport, thereby stabilizing the shoreline and supporting the sustainability of the Kuta Beach tourism area in Bali.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Beach abrasion, Beach morphology, Breakwater, MIKE 21, Sediment transport, Abrasi pantai, Breakwater, MIKE 21, Morfologi pantai, Transportasi sedimen
Subjects:	Q Science > QE Geology > QE571 Sedimentation and deposition. Sediment transport. Erosion. T Technology > TC Hydraulic engineering. Ocean engineering > TC175.2 Sediment transport T Technology > TC Hydraulic engineering. Ocean engineering > TC203.5 Coastal engineering T Technology > TC Hydraulic engineering. Ocean engineering > TC333 Breakwaters
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > 22301-Civil Infrastructure Engineering (D4)
Depositing User:	Mohammad Arli Revansha Mahendra
Date Deposited:	05 Aug 2026 00:46
Last Modified:	05 Aug 2026 00:46
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142718

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