Experimental And Numerical Study Of The Effect Of The Percentage Of Black Sand And Aluminum Fillers On The Phase Change Of Composite Materials On The Thermal Conductivity Of 1865 Lithium-Ion Batteries

Rabbani, Hamas (2026) Experimental And Numerical Study Of The Effect Of The Percentage Of Black Sand And Aluminum Fillers On The Phase Change Of Composite Materials On The Thermal Conductivity Of 1865 Lithium-Ion Batteries. Other thesis, Sepuluh Nopember Institute Technology.

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Abstract

The transition to Electric Vehicles (EVs) requires efficient thermal management for Li-ion batteries. This study enhances the low conductivity of paraffin-based Phase Change Material (PCM) using black sand and aluminum powder fillers (2–40 wt%). Thermal conductivity was measured via BXT–DRS and simulated using ANSYS Fluent under a 3C (9A) discharge, validated against experimental data (NRMSE = 5.24%). Aluminum powder achieved a peak conductivity of 1.1409 W/m·K at 36% loading, while black sand reached 0.5056 W/m·K at 40%. In transient simulations, the 40% aluminum composite yielded the lowest peak battery surface temperature at 52.07°C (at 1,180 s), while the 40% black sand composite closely followed at 52.42°C, suppressing the temperature rise at an average cooling rate of ~0.023 °C/s. Notably, black sand stored the highest thermal energy (836.28 J) due to its greater density. The results reveal a clear trade-off: although aluminum is the superior conductor, black sand delivers nearly identical cooling performance with higher energy storage, positioning it as a cost-effective and locally sustainable alternative to support Indonesia's Net Zero Emission targets.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Ansys Fluent, Battery, BXT–DRS Thermal Conductivity Tester, Peak Battery Temperature (52.07°C) Ansys Fluent, Baterai, Penguji Konduktivitas Termal BXT–DRS, Suhu Puncak Baterai (52,07°C)
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ165 Energy storage. T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ762.E93 Exhaust systems
Divisions:	Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Mechanical Engineering > 21201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Hamas Rabbani
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 00:50
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 00:50
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142722

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