Desain Dan Perancangan Dalam Proses Rancang Bangun Mesin Sosoh Gabah Skala Rumah Tangga

Yunior, Kelvin Iman Dika (2026) Desain Dan Perancangan Dalam Proses Rancang Bangun Mesin Sosoh Gabah Skala Rumah Tangga. Diploma thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Padi merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan utama yang memerlukan proses penggilingan dan penyosohan untuk menghasilkan beras yang bersih dan layak dikonsumsi. Namun, mesin sosoh gabah yang tersedia di pasaran umumnya berkapasitas besar sehingga kurang sesuai bagi pengguna rumah tangga dan usaha kecil dari segi ukuran, kebutuhan daya, biaya, serta kemudahan pengoperasian. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan mesin sosoh gabah skala rumah tangga yang memiliki konstruksi ringkas, hemat energi, mudah diproduksi, dan mudah dioperasikan. Penelitian ini merumuskan permasalahan mengenai perancangan mesin sosoh gabah menggunakan motor DC, penentuan jenis dan ukuran V-belt, penentuan dimensi diameter luar dan pitch screw, serta perhitungan kapasitas teoritis mesin. Penelitian bertujuan menghasilkan rancangan mesin yang mampu menggerakkan sistem transmisi dan poros ulir secara stabil, menentukan komponen transmisi yang sesuai, merancang dimensi screw agar gabah dapat dialirkan secara kontinu, serta mengevaluasi kapasitas teoritis mesin. Metodologi penelitian dilakukan melalui studi literatur, identifikasi kebutuhan pengguna, penyusunan konsep, perancangan komponen utama, perhitungan teknik pada motor, sistem transmisi, pulley, V-belt, poros ulir, screw, dan bantalan, pembuatan gambar teknik menggunakan perangkat lunak CAD, serta analisis prinsip kerja dan integrasi seluruh komponen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mesin menggunakan motor DC dengan putaran 2750 rpm yang meneruskan daya menuju poros ulir melalui sistem transmisi pulley dan V-belt. Sabuk yang dipilih adalah V-belt tipe O dengan panjang hasil perhitungan 389,51 mm. Poros ulir dirancang menggunakan screw berdiameter luar 22 mm dan diameter poros 18 mm, serta menghasilkan kapasitas teoritis sebesar 27,35 kg/jam. Kapasitas tersebut lebih besar daripada target desain sehingga memberikan cadangan kapasitas terhadap variasi pemasukan gabah. Analisis gaya menghasilkan momen puntir sebesar 53,09 kgf·mm dan menunjukkan bahwa beban pada poros serta bantalan masih relatif kecil. Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motor penggerak, sistem transmisi, poros ulir, screw, dan bantalan dapat bekerja sebagai satu sistem yang saling mendukung. Rancangan mesin memiliki konstruksi sederhana, kompak, mudah dioperasikan, mudah dirawat, serta mampu menjalankan proses pemasukan, pemindahan, dan penyosohan gabah secara kontinu sehingga berpotensi menjadi alternatif teknologi tepat guna untuk kebutuhan rumah tangga.
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Rice is one of the main food commodities that requires milling and polishing processes to produce clean rice that is suitable for consumption. However, rice polishing machines available on the market generally have large capacities, making them less suitable for household users and small-scale businesses in terms of size, power requirements, cost, and ease of operation. Therefore, a household-scale rice polishing machine with a compact construction, low energy consumption, ease of manufacturing, and simple operation is required. This study addresses the design of a rice polishing machine using a DC motor, the selection of the appropriate type and size of V-belt, the determination of the screw outer diameter and pitch, and the calculation of the machine’s theoretical capacity. The study aims to develop a machine design capable of driving the transmission system and screw shaft steadily, determine suitable transmission components, design the screw dimensions to ensure continuous paddy flow, and evaluate the theoretical capacity of the machine.The research methodology consisted of a literature review, identification of user requirements, concept development, design of the main components, engineering calculations for the motor, transmission system, pulleys, V-belt, screw shaft, screw, and bearings, preparation of technical drawings using CAD software, and analysis of the operating principle and integration of all components. The results show that the machine uses a DC motor operating at 2750 rpm to transmit power to the screw shaft through a pulley and V-belt transmission system. The selected belt is a Type O V-belt with a calculated length of 389.51 mm. The screw shaft was designed with a screw outer diameter of 22 mm and a shaft diameter of 18 mm, resulting in a theoretical capacity of 27.35 kg/h. This capacity exceeds the design target, thereby providing additional capacity to accommodate variations in the paddy feed rate. The force analysis produced a torque of 53.09 kgf·mm and indicated that the loads acting on the shaft and bearings remain relatively low.The study concludes that the drive motor, transmission system, screw shaft, screw, and bearings can operate as an integrated and mutually supporting system. The designed machine has a simple and compact construction, is easy to operate and maintain, and is capable of performing the feeding, conveying, and rice polishing processes continuously. Therefore, the machine has the potential to serve as an appropriate technology alternative for household-scale applications.

Item Type:	Thesis (Diploma)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	mesin sosoh gabah, motor DC, sistem transmisi, screw, kapasitas teoritis, rice polishing machine, DC motor, transmission system, screw, theoretical capacity.
Subjects:	T Technology > T Technology (General) > T385 Visualization--Technique T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ230 Machine design
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > Mechanical Industrial Engineering (D4)
Depositing User:	kelvin iman dika yunior
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 04:34
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 04:34
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/142925

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