Model Konseptual Mitigasi Arsitektural Bencana Gempa Dan Tsunami Di Permukiman Pesisir Dengan Pendekatan Budaya

Setyawan, Wahyu (2026) Model Konseptual Mitigasi Arsitektural Bencana Gempa Dan Tsunami Di Permukiman Pesisir Dengan Pendekatan Budaya. Doctoral thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Di Indonesia, wilayah pesisir pada zona subduksi aktif, memiliki tingkat kerentanan tinggi terhadap gempa bumi yang berpotensi memicu tsunami. Berbagai pendekatan mitigasi telah dikembangkan, namun praktik rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi pasca bencana cenderung memisahkan aspek arsitektural dari konteks budaya lokal, sehingga menghasilkan solusi yang kurang adaptif dan berkelanjutan. Kesenjangan ini memerlukan pendekatan integratif yang menjembatani bagaimana nilai budaya, pengalaman bencana, pengetahuan lokal, dan tindakan fisik berinteraksi dalam membentuk resiliensi permukiman pasca bencana.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan model konseptual mitigasi permukiman pasca bencana, berbasis arsitektur dan budaya dengan menjawab bagaimana pengetahuan desain, praktik konstruksi, dan nilai budaya berinteraksi dalam membentuk kapasitas mitigasi masyarakat. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan studi kasus di wilayah permukiman Gampong Pande Aceh. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi aspek fisik lingkungan binaan serta wawancara mendalam dengan 12 partisipan, serta dianalisis secara tematik untuk mengidentifikasikan hubungan antara aspek struktural maupun non struktural pada bangunan non-engineered dengan praktik sosial budaya masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa resiliensi permukiman dibentuk melalui interaksi empat aktor utama, yaitu pemerintah, masyarakat, pemilik rumah, dan tukang bangunan yang bekerja pada skala makro, meso, dan mikro. Pengetahuan mitigasi berkembang melalui integrasi pengetahuan rancang, pengetahuan teknis, yang terbentuk melalui pengalaman personal dan kolektif. Nilai religius, kekerabatan, solidaritas sosial, dan pembelajaran dari pengalaman berperan sebagai filter sosial-budaya yang mentransformasikan pengalaman bencana dan pengetahuan lokal menjadi praktik rekonstruksi. Penelitian ini menghasilkan model konseptual baru yang mengoperasionalkan resiliensi sebagai praktik sosial-teknis berbasis budaya melalui integrasi filter sosial-budaya, pengetahuan berbasis aktor, dan rekonstruksi ruang multi skala. Dengan mengadaptasi konsep housing as a process dalam konteks model respon manusia menghadapi ancaman bencana alam, kerangka ini memosisikan rekonstruksi sebagai proses pembelajaran berkelanjutan yang menghubungkan pengalaman masa lalu dan ekspektasi masa depan, sehingga memperluas pemahaman resiliensi dari bounce back menuju bounce forward.
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Coastal areas in Indonesia, particularly those located along active subduction zones, are highly vulnerable to earthquakes that may trigger tsunamis. Although various Coastal areas in Indonesia, particularly those located along active subduction zones, are highly vulnerable to earthquakes that may trigger tsunamis. Although various mitigation approaches have been developed, post-disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction practices still tend to separate architectural aspects from local cultural contexts, resulting in solutions that are less adaptive and sustainable. This gap highlights the need for an integrative approach that bridges how cultural values, disaster experiences, local knowledge, and physical spatial actions interact in shaping the resilience of post-disaster settlements. This study aims to formulate a conceptual model of post-disaster settlement mitigation based on the integration of architecture and culture by examining how design knowledge, construction practices, and cultural values interact in shaping community mitigation capacity. The research adopts a qualitative approach through a case study in the settlement of Gampong Pande, Aceh. Data were collected through observations of the physical aspects of the built environment and in-depth interviews with 12 participants and were analyzed thematically to identify the relationships between the structural and non-structural aspects of non-engineered buildings and the socio-cultural practices of the community. The findings indicate that settlement resilience is shaped by the interaction of four key actors, the government, the community, homeowners, and builders, operating across the macro, meso, and micro scales. Mitigation knowledge develops through the integration of design and technical knowledge, shaped by both personal and collective experiences. Religious values, kinship, social solidarity, and experiential learning function as socio-cultural filters that transform disaster experiences and local knowledge into reconstruction practices. This study proposes a new conceptual model that operationalizes resilience as a culture-based socio-technical practice through the integration of socio-cultural filters, actor-based knowledge, and multi-scalar spatial reconstruction. By adapting the concept of housing as a process in the context of model of human response to natural hazards, the framework positions reconstruction as a continuous learning process that connects past experiences with future expectations, extending the understanding of resilience from bouncing back towards bouncing forward.

Item Type:	Thesis (Doctoral)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	arsitektur dan budaya, gempa dan tsunami, mitigasi arsitektural, model konseptual, permukiman,architecture and culture, earthquake and tsunami, architectural mitigation, conceptual model, settlement
Subjects:	T Technology > TH Building construction > TH1095 Earthquakes and building
Divisions:	Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering (CIVPLAN) > Architecture > 23001-(S3) PhD Thesis
Depositing User:	Wahyu Setyawan
Date Deposited:	12 Aug 2026 02:27
Last Modified:	12 Aug 2026 02:27
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143190

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