Numerical Study Of Structural Strength Of Foldable Type Ramp Door On Ro-Ro Ferry Ship

Indriani, Feni (2026) Numerical Study Of Structural Strength Of Foldable Type Ramp Door On Ro-Ro Ferry Ship. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Ramp door merupakan salah satu komponen utama pada kapal Ro-Ro yang berfungsi sebagai jalur keluar-masuk kendaraan. Struktur ramp door harus mampu menahan beban kendaraan sekaligus memiliki berat yang efisien agar tidak meningkatkan beban mati kapal secara berlebihan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh variasi profil penegar (L, I, T, dan H), jenis engsel (intermittent hinge dan continuous hinge), serta sudut operasi ramp door (10°, 0°, dan -10°) terhadap distribusi tegangan, deformasi, Safety Factor, dan berat struktur menggunakan Metode Elemen Hingga (Finite Element Method/FEM). Model tiga dimensi ramp door dikembangkan berdasarkan gambar konstruksi kapal Ro-Ro dan disimulasikan menggunakan perangkat lunak ANSYS. Pembebanan diberikan berdasarkan distribusi beban kendaraan Golongan V dengan berat total 53,42 ton yang dibagi menjadi tiga kondisi pembebanan (Load Case). Sebelum simulasi dilakukan, model divalidasi melalui uji konvergensi mesh untuk masing-masing model dengan nilai galat kurang dari 0,5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan konfigurasi profil dan jenis engsel memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap respons struktur. Model awal menghasilkan tegangan maksimum sebesar 243,03 MPa, deformasi maksimum 4,4848 mm, Safety Factor minimum 1,029, serta berat struktur 13,97 ton. Setelah dilakukan optimasi, Model 8 yang menggunakan kombinasi profil penegar H, profil penumpu H, dan continuous hinge menghasilkan berat struktur sebesar 12,30 ton, atau lebih ringan 1,67 ton (11,95%) dibandingkan model awal. Tegangan maksimum menurun menjadi 163,97 MPa atau berkurang sekitar 32,5%, dengan deformasi maksimum sebesar 5,0179 mm yang masih berada dalam batas yang dapat diterima. Nilai Safety Factor berada pada rentang 1,525–2,197, sehingga seluruh sembilan kondisi pembebanan memenuhi persyaratan Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI) dengan Safety Factor ≥ 1,5. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, kombinasi profil penegar H, profil penumpu H, dan continuous hinge terbukti mampu meningkatkan efisiensi struktur melalui penurunan berat, penurunan tegangan, serta peningkatan tingkat keamanan, sehingga Model 8 direkomendasikan sebagai konfigurasi ramp door foldable type yang paling optimal pada kapal Ro-Ro.
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The ramp door is one of the primary components of a Roll-on/Roll-off (Ro-Ro) vessel, functioning as the access route for vehicle loading and unloading. Therefore, the ramp door structure must be capable of supporting vehicle loads while maintaining structural efficiency to minimize the ship's deadweight. This study aims to analyze the effects of stiffener profile variations (L, I, T, and H), hinge types (intermittent hinge and continuous hinge), and ramp door operating angles (10°, 0°, and -10°) on stress distribution, deformation, safety factor, and structural weight using the Finite Element Method (FEM). A three-dimensional ramp door model was developed based on the construction drawings of a Ro-Ro vessel and analyzed using ANSYS software. The applied loading was based on the load distribution of a Class V vehicle with a total weight of 53.42 tons, divided into three loading conditions (Load Cases). Prior to the simulation, the numerical model was validated through a mesh convergence study for each model, resulting in an error of less than 0.5%. The results indicate that variations in structural configuration and hinge type significantly affect the structural response. The initial model produced a maximum stress of 243.03 MPa, a maximum deformation of 4.4848 mm, a minimum safety factor of 1.029, and a structural weight of 13.97 tons. After structural optimization, Model 8, employing H-profile stiffeners, H-profile supports, and a continuous hinge, achieved a structural weight of 12.30 tons, representing a reduction of 1.67 tons (11.95%) compared to the initial model. The maximum stress decreased to 163.97 MPa, corresponding to a reduction of approximately 32.5%, while the maximum deformation reached 5.0179 mm, which remained within the acceptable limit. The resulting safety factor ranged from 1.525 to 2.197, and all nine loading scenarios satisfied the Bureau Veritas Indonesia (BKI) requirement of a safety factor greater than or equal to 1.5. These findings demonstrate that the combination of H-profile stiffeners, H-profile supports, and a continuous hinge improves structural efficiency by reducing weight, lowering stress concentration, and enhancing structural safety. Therefore, Model 8 is recommended as the optimum configuration for the foldable-type ramp door structure of a Ro-Ro vessel.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Engsel, Ferry Ro-Ro, metode elemen hingga, profil, ramp door foldable type, Hinge, Ferry Ro-Ro, finite elemen methode, profile, ramp door foldable type.
Subjects:	T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA347 Finite Element Method T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA658 Structural design T Technology > TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) > TA660.F7 Structural frames. V Naval Science > VM Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering > VM381 Passenger ships
Divisions:	Faculty of Marine Technology (MARTECH) > Naval Architecture and Shipbuilding Engineering > 36201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis
Depositing User:	Feni Indriani
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 07:06
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 07:06
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143216

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