Pratiwi, Nabilla Nurul (2026) Analisis Root Cause dan Evaluasi Kinerja Sistem Proteksi Terhadap Gangguan Penyulang di Gardu Induk Berdasarkan Data Monitoring PLN UP2D Jawa Timur. Project Report. [s.n.]. (Unpublished)
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Abstract
Gangguan pada penyulang 20 kV dapat menurunkan keandalan penyaluran tenaga listrik. Topik magang ini bertujuan menganalisis akar penyebab gangguan penyulang serta mengevaluasi kinerja relay proteksi Overcurrent Relay (OCR) dan Directional Ground Relay (DGR) berdasarkan data monitoring operasional PLN UP2D Jawa Timur, menggunakan metode Root Cause Analysis (RCA) dengan pendekatan Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) serta simulasi hubung singkat pada software ETAP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gangguan Force Major merupakan penyebab paling dominan, dengan kontribusi sekitar 70% dari seluruh kejadian gangguan, dan sejumlah penyulang mengalami gangguan berulang secara kronis akibat kondisi jaringan yang belum tertangani permanen. Simulasi ETAP pada penyulang kritis menunjukkan arus gangguan hubung singkat tiga fasa mencapai 77.599 A, jauh melampaui setting instantaneous relay OCR sebesar 6.000 A, sehingga proteksi bekerja instan sesuai fungsinya dan konsisten dengan data monitoring lapangan. Hasil ini menunjukan sistem proteksi telah bekerja sesuai standar operasi, dan menjadi dasar rekomendasi perbaikan jaringan guna meningkatkan keandalan sistem distribusi. ====================================================================================================================================
Disturbances occurring on 20 kV distribution feeders can reduce the reliability of electric power distribution systems. This internship aimed to analyze the root causes of feeder disturbances and evaluate the performance of Overcurrent Relay (OCR) and Directional Ground Relay (DGR) protection systems based on operational monitoring data from PLN UP2D East Java. The study employed Root Cause Analysis (RCA) using the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) approach, supported by short-circuit simulations using ETAP software. The results indicate that Force Majeure disturbances were the dominant cause, contributing approximately 70% of all recorded feeder disturbances. Several feeders also experienced recurring chronic disturbances due to unresolved network conditions. ETAP simulation of the critical feeder showed a three-phase short-circuit current of 77.599 A, which significantly exceeded the OCR instantaneous relay setting of 6.000 A. Consequently, the protection system operated instantaneously as designed, consistent with the operational monitoring data. These findings demonstrate that the protection system has performed in accordance with operational standards and provide a basis for recommending network improvements to enhance the reliability of the electrical distribution system.
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