Rancang Bangun Sistem Kontrol Temperatur pada Proses Steam Bending Guna Mengetahui Karakteristik Kayu Damar

Aldiansyah, Daffa Izzuddin (2026) Rancang Bangun Sistem Kontrol Temperatur pada Proses Steam Bending Guna Mengetahui Karakteristik Kayu Damar. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.

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Abstract

Kayu damar (Agathis Dammara) merupakan salah satu jenis kayu lokal Indonesia yang memiliki potensi untuk dibentuk menjadi struktur melengkung melalui metode steam bending. Keberhasilan proses tersebut sangat dipengaruhi oleh kestabilan temperatur uap, sehingga diperlukan sistem kontrol yang mampu menjaga kondisi pemanasan secara konsisten. Sistem dikembangkan menggunakan sensor RTD PT-100 sebagai pengukur temperatur uap di steam box, Arduino Mega 2560 sebagai microcontroller utama, Solid State Relay (SSR) sebagai aktuator pengendali heater element, HMI Nextion untuk pemantauan dan pengaturan parameter proses, serta data logger berbasis LabVIEW. Metode kontrol yang diterapkan adalah kontrol On-Off dalam konfigurasi closed loop feedback. Pengujian dilakukan pada variasi set-point temperatur 100°C, 105°C, dan 110°C dengan variasi waktu perlakuan steam pada masing-masing set-point selama 30, 60, dan 90 menit menggunakan sampel kayu damar berdimensi 500 mm × 20 mm × 5 mm. Hasil validasi menunjukkan bahwa sensor RTD PT-100 memiliki akurasi sebesar 98,86% pada pengujian naik dan 99,35% pada pengujian turun. Sistem kontrol mampu mencapai set-point dengan laju perubahan temperatur sebesar 7,874°C/menit pada 100°C, 7,868°C/menit pada 105°C, dan 7,180°C/menit pada 110°C. Nilai maximum overshoot masing-masing sebesar 1,4%, 1,2%, dan 1%, sedangkan steady-state error berada di bawah 2% pada seluruh variasi pengujian. Pengujian terhadap kayu damar menunjukkan nilai moisture content sebesar 33,33% pada seluruh variasi temperatur dan waktu, yang mengindikasikan tercapainya Fiber Saturation Point (FSP). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, temperatur 100°C dengan waktu perlakuan steam selama 30 menit direkomendasikan sebagai kondisi operasi paling efisien untuk proses steam bending kayu damar.
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Agathis Dammara is one of Indonesia's local wood species with significant potential for forming curved structures through the steam bending method. The success of this process is highly dependent on the stability of steam temperature, requiring a control system capable of maintaining consistent heating conditions. The developed system utilizes an RTD PT-100 sensor to measure steam temperature inside the steam box, an Arduino Mega 2560 as the main microcontroller, a Solid State Relay (SSR) as the actuator for controlling the heating element, a Nextion-based Human Machine Interface (HMI) for process monitoring and parameter adjustment, and a LabVIEW-based data logger. An On-Off control method with a closed loop feedback configuration was implemented. Experiments were conducted at steam temperature set-points of 100°C, 105°C, and 110°C, with steaming durations of 30, 60, and 90 minutes for each set-point using Agathis Dammara specimens measuring 500 mm × 20 mm × 5 mm. The validation results showed that the RTD PT-100 sensor achieved accuracies of 98.86% during the heating test and 99.35% during the cooling test. The control system was able to reach the desired set-points with temperature change rates of 7.874°C/min at 100°C, 7.868°C/min at 105°C, and 7.180°C/min at 110°C. The maximum overshoot values obtained were 1.4%, 1.2%, and 1%, respectively, while the steady-state error remained below 2% for all test variations. The experimental results on Agathis dammara showed a moisture content of 33.33% under all temperature and steaming duration variations, indicating that the wood had reached the Fiber Saturation Point (FSP). Based on these findings, a steam temperature of 100°C with a steaming duration of 30 minutes is recommended as the most efficient operating condition for the steam bending process of Agathis dammara wood.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Kayu damar, Pembengkokan Uap, Perlakuan Steam, Kontrol On-Off, Damar Wood, Steam Bending, Steam Treatment, On-Off Control.
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ212 Control engineering systems. Automatic machinery (General) T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ213 Automatic control. T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK3070 Automatic control T Technology > TK Electrical engineering. Electronics Nuclear engineering > TK7878 Electronic instruments
Divisions:	Faculty of Vocational > Instrumentation Engineering
Depositing User:	Daffa Izzuddin Aldiansyah
Date Deposited:	04 Aug 2026 06:43
Last Modified:	04 Aug 2026 06:43
URI:	http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143294

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