Prayitno, Ramadhan Rafi Putra (2026) Analisis Pengaruh Derajat Sulfonasi Terhadap Performa Cation Exchange Membrane Berbasis Sulfonated Polyvinyl Alcohol dan Gallium (III) Nitrate Pada Baterai Air Laut. Other thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
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Abstract
Pengembangan sistem penyimpanan energi yang aman, ekonomis, dan berkelanjutan menjadi semakin krusial seiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan integrasi energi terbarukan. Baterai air laut merupakan salah satu alternatif sistem penyimpanan energi yang prospektif karena memanfaatkan air laut sebagai elektrolit, dengan performa yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik cation exchange membrane (CEM). Sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol (SPVA) dipertimbangkan sebagai material CEM karena memiliki sifat hidrofilik, biaya produksi yang relatif rendah, serta kemudahan dalam proses fabrikasi. Peningkatan degree of sulfonation (DS) diketahui dapat meningkatkan konduktivitas ionik, tetapi juga dapat memengaruhi stabilitas membran. Berdasarkan pertimbangan tersebut, penambahan Gallium (III) Nitrate [Ga(NO₃)₃] dihipotesiskan dapat meningkatkan transportasi ion sekaligus mempertahankan stabilitas membran melalui interaksi ion Ga³⁺ dengan gugus sulfonat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh DS dan penambahan Ga(NO₃)₃ terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia dan kinerja elektrokimia membran SPVA untuk aplikasi baterai air laut. Membran disintesis menggunakan metode solution casting dengan variasi rasio H₂SO₄ terhadap PVA sebesar 1:2, 1:4, dan 1:8, kemudian dikarakterisasi menggunakan FT-IR, XRD, dan TGA, serta dievaluasi berdasarkan ion exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake (WU), swelling ratio (SR), dan konduktivitas ionik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses sulfonasi menurunkan kristalinitas PVA dari 56,23% menjadi 35,77% serta meningkatkan IEC, stabilitas termal, WU, dan konduktivitas ionik seiring dengan peningkatan DS. Namun, peningkatan DS yang lebih tinggi juga menyebabkan peningkatan SR dan penurunan stabilitas membran. Membran SPVA 1:2 yang didoping Ga(NO₃)₃ menunjukkan kinerja optimum dengan nilai IEC sebesar 2,96 meq g⁻¹, WU sebesar 262,27%, SR sebesar 23,53%, dan konduktivitas ionik sebesar 6,07 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ pada 30 °C. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, kombinasi DS rendah dan doping Ga(NO₃)₃ terbukti meningkatkan kinerja CEM berbasis SPVA untuk aplikasi baterai air laut. Temuan ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap pengembangan material membran untuk sistem penyimpanan energi yang lebih terjangkau dan berkelanjutan, sejalan dengan tujuan Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), khususnya tujuan ke-7, Affordable and Clean Energy.
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The development of safe, economical, and sustainable energy storage systems is becoming increasingly crucial as the need for renewable energy integration grows. Seawater batteries are a promising alternative energy storage system because they utilize seawater as an electrolyte, with performance heavily influenced by the characteristics of the cation exchange membrane (CEM). Sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol (SPVA) is considered a suitable CEM material due to its hydrophilic properties, relatively low production cost, and ease of fabrication. It is known that increasing the degree of sulfonation (DS) can enhance ionic conductivity but may also affect membrane stability. Based on these considerations, the addition of gallium(III) nitrate [Ga(NO₃)₃] is hypothesized to enhance ion transport while maintaining membrane stability through the interaction of Ga³⁺ ions with the sulfonate groups. This study aims to evaluate the effects of DS and the addition of Ga(NO₃)₃ on the physicochemical characteristics and electrochemical performance of SPVA membranes for seawater battery applications. The membranes were synthesized using the solution casting method with varying H₂SO₄-to-PVA ratios of 1:2, 1:4, and 1:8, then characterized using FT-IR, XRD, and TGA, and evaluated based on ion exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake (WU), swelling ratio (SR), and ionic conductivity. The results showed that the sulfonation process reduced the crystallinity of PVA from 56.23% to 35.77% and improved IEC, thermal stability, WU, and ionic conductivity as the degree of substitution (DS) increased. However, a higher increase in DS also led to an increase in SR and a decrease in membrane stability. The 1:2 SPVA membrane doped with Ga(NO₃)₃ exhibited optimal performance with an IEC value of 2.96 meq g⁻¹, WU of 262.27%, SR of 23.53%, and ionic conductivity of 6.07 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ at 30 °C. Based on these results, the combination of low DS and Ga(NO₃)₃ doping was shown to enhance the performance of SPVA-based CEMs for seawater battery applications. These findings contribute to the development of membrane materials for more affordable and sustainable energy storage systems, in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 7, Affordable and Clean Energy.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Other) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | baterai air laut, cation exchange membrane, degree of sulfonation, galium (III) nitrat, sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol |
| Subjects: | Q Science > QC Physics > QC451 Spectroscopy Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD115 Electrochemical analysis Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD305.A2 O73 Esterification Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD79.T38 Thermal analysis |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Industrial Technology and Systems Engineering (INDSYS) > Physics Engineering > 30201-(S1) Undergraduate Thesis |
| Depositing User: | Ramadhan Rafi Putra Prayitno |
| Date Deposited: | 04 Aug 2026 10:23 |
| Last Modified: | 04 Aug 2026 10:23 |
| URI: | http://repository.its.ac.id/id/eprint/143304 |
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